tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities
. 2020 Sep 18.
doi: 10.1007/s40615-020-00872-x. Online ahead of print.
Racial Disparities in COVID-19 Hospitalization and In-hospital Mortality at the Height of the New York City Pandemic
Benjamin D Renelus[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Neil C Khoury[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Karthik Chandrasekaran[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ezana Bekele[SUP] 2 [/SUP], William M Briggs[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Alexander Ivanov[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Smruti R Mohanty[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Daniel S Jamorabo[SUP] 6 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Objectives: Investigate whether or not race is associated with differences in hospitalization and survival to discharge among patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) at the height of the pandemic in New York City (NYC).
Methods: Single-center retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 patients hospitalized at our university-affiliated NYC hospital from 3/10/20 through 4/13/20 with follow-up to 5/1/20. Our primary endpoint was hospitalization rate among patients with confirmed COVID-19 compared with the regional population based on race. Our secondary endpoint survival to discharge among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. NYC Department of Health data were used to calculate hospitalization odds ratios. Chi-square and t tests were used to compare categorial and continuous variables, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression and predictive analysis were used to investigate our endpoints further.
Results: Our cohort of 734 patients included 355 women (48.4%), 372 Blacks (50.7%), 214 Whites (29.2%), and 92 Hispanics (12.5%) in our analysis. Blacks were nearly twice as likely as Whites to require hospitalization for COVID-19 (OR 1.89, 95% CI, 1.59-2.24, p < 0.001). Hispanics were also more likely to suffer in-hospital mortality from COVID-19 compared with Whites (HR 1.84; 95% CI 1.21-2.80; p = 0.005). There was a non-significant increased hazard of in-hospital mortality among Blacks when compared with Whites (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.95-1.78; p = 0.09).
Conclusions and relevance: Blacks were more likely than Whites to require hospitalization for COVID-19 while Hispanics were more likely to experience in-hospital mortality. Further investigation into the socioeconomic factors underlying racial disparities in COVID-19 survival and severity requiring hospitalization is needed on a national scale.
Keywords: Coronavirus disease-2019; Infectious disease; Racial disparities; Sex disparities.
. 2020 Sep 18.
doi: 10.1007/s40615-020-00872-x. Online ahead of print.
Racial Disparities in COVID-19 Hospitalization and In-hospital Mortality at the Height of the New York City Pandemic
Benjamin D Renelus[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Neil C Khoury[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Karthik Chandrasekaran[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ezana Bekele[SUP] 2 [/SUP], William M Briggs[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Alexander Ivanov[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Smruti R Mohanty[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Daniel S Jamorabo[SUP] 6 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 32946070
- DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00872-x
Abstract
Objectives: Investigate whether or not race is associated with differences in hospitalization and survival to discharge among patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) at the height of the pandemic in New York City (NYC).
Methods: Single-center retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 patients hospitalized at our university-affiliated NYC hospital from 3/10/20 through 4/13/20 with follow-up to 5/1/20. Our primary endpoint was hospitalization rate among patients with confirmed COVID-19 compared with the regional population based on race. Our secondary endpoint survival to discharge among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. NYC Department of Health data were used to calculate hospitalization odds ratios. Chi-square and t tests were used to compare categorial and continuous variables, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression and predictive analysis were used to investigate our endpoints further.
Results: Our cohort of 734 patients included 355 women (48.4%), 372 Blacks (50.7%), 214 Whites (29.2%), and 92 Hispanics (12.5%) in our analysis. Blacks were nearly twice as likely as Whites to require hospitalization for COVID-19 (OR 1.89, 95% CI, 1.59-2.24, p < 0.001). Hispanics were also more likely to suffer in-hospital mortality from COVID-19 compared with Whites (HR 1.84; 95% CI 1.21-2.80; p = 0.005). There was a non-significant increased hazard of in-hospital mortality among Blacks when compared with Whites (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.95-1.78; p = 0.09).
Conclusions and relevance: Blacks were more likely than Whites to require hospitalization for COVID-19 while Hispanics were more likely to experience in-hospital mortality. Further investigation into the socioeconomic factors underlying racial disparities in COVID-19 survival and severity requiring hospitalization is needed on a national scale.
Keywords: Coronavirus disease-2019; Infectious disease; Racial disparities; Sex disparities.