tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Reprod Immunol
. 2023 May 12;158:103952.
doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103952. Online ahead of print. Menstrual disturbances following COVID-19 vaccination: A probable puzzle about the role of endocrine and immune pathways
Farima Rahimi Mansour[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Amirreza Keyvanfar[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Hanieh Najafiarab[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Shahrzad Rajaei Firouzabadi[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Sahar Sefidgar[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Shaghayegh Hooshmand Chayijan[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Mohammadreza Tarom[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Mahta Fadaei[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Farah Farzaneh[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Latifeh Karimzadeh Bardeei[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Shabnam Tehrani[SUP] 6 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Menstruation is a monthly shedding of the uterine wall, presented by menstrual bleeding in women of reproductive age. Menstruation is regulated by fluctuation of estrogen and progesterone, as well as other endocrine and immune pathways. Many women experienced menstrual disturbances after vaccination against the novel coronavirus in the last two years. Vaccine-induced menstrual disturbances have led to discomfort and concern among reproductive-age women, such that some decided not to receive the subsequent doses of the vaccine. Although many vaccinated women report these menstrual disturbances, the mechanism is still poorly understood. This review article discusses the endocrine and immune changes following COVID-19 vaccination and the possible mechanisms of vaccine-related menstrual disturbances.
Keywords: COVID-19 vaccines; Endocrine system diseases; Immune system; Menstruation disturbances.
. 2023 May 12;158:103952.
doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103952. Online ahead of print. Menstrual disturbances following COVID-19 vaccination: A probable puzzle about the role of endocrine and immune pathways
Farima Rahimi Mansour[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Amirreza Keyvanfar[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Hanieh Najafiarab[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Shahrzad Rajaei Firouzabadi[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Sahar Sefidgar[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Shaghayegh Hooshmand Chayijan[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Mohammadreza Tarom[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Mahta Fadaei[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Farah Farzaneh[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Latifeh Karimzadeh Bardeei[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Shabnam Tehrani[SUP] 6 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 37201456
- DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103952
Menstruation is a monthly shedding of the uterine wall, presented by menstrual bleeding in women of reproductive age. Menstruation is regulated by fluctuation of estrogen and progesterone, as well as other endocrine and immune pathways. Many women experienced menstrual disturbances after vaccination against the novel coronavirus in the last two years. Vaccine-induced menstrual disturbances have led to discomfort and concern among reproductive-age women, such that some decided not to receive the subsequent doses of the vaccine. Although many vaccinated women report these menstrual disturbances, the mechanism is still poorly understood. This review article discusses the endocrine and immune changes following COVID-19 vaccination and the possible mechanisms of vaccine-related menstrual disturbances.
Keywords: COVID-19 vaccines; Endocrine system diseases; Immune system; Menstruation disturbances.