tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Life (Basel)
. 2022 Feb 14;12(2):285.
doi: 10.3390/life12020285.
Long COVID in Children and Adolescents
Valentina Fainardi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Aniello Meoli[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Giulia Chiopris[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Matteo Motta[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kaltra Skenderaj[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Roberto Grandinetti[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Andrea Bergomi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Francesco Antodaro[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Stefano Zona[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Susanna Esposito[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. In children, the acute SARS-CoV-2 infection is often asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic, and life-threatening complications are rare. Nevertheless, there are two long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children that raise concern: multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and long COVID. While the understanding and the experience regarding the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection have remarkably increased over time, scientific and clinical research is still exploring the long-term effects of COVID-19. In children, data on long COVID are scant. Reports are conflicting regarding its prevalence, duration and impact on daily life. This narrative review explored the latest literature regarding long COVID-19 in the pediatric population. We showed that long COVID in children might be a relevant clinical problem. In most cases, the prognosis is good, but some children may develop long-term symptoms with a significant impact on their daily life. The paucity of studies on long COVID, including a control group of children not infected by SARS-CoV-2, prevents us from drawing firm conclusions. Whether the neuropsychiatric symptoms widely observed in children and adolescents with long COVID are the consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection or are due to the tremendous stress resulting from the restrictions and the pandemics is still not clear. In both cases, psychological support can play a fundamental role in managing COVID pandemics in children. More knowledge is needed to share a standardized definition of the syndrome and improve its management and treatment.
Keywords: COVID; SARS-CoV-2; long COVID; neuropsychiatric symptoms; quality of life.
. 2022 Feb 14;12(2):285.
doi: 10.3390/life12020285.
Long COVID in Children and Adolescents
Valentina Fainardi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Aniello Meoli[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Giulia Chiopris[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Matteo Motta[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kaltra Skenderaj[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Roberto Grandinetti[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Andrea Bergomi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Francesco Antodaro[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Stefano Zona[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Susanna Esposito[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35207572
- DOI: 10.3390/life12020285
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. In children, the acute SARS-CoV-2 infection is often asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic, and life-threatening complications are rare. Nevertheless, there are two long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children that raise concern: multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and long COVID. While the understanding and the experience regarding the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection have remarkably increased over time, scientific and clinical research is still exploring the long-term effects of COVID-19. In children, data on long COVID are scant. Reports are conflicting regarding its prevalence, duration and impact on daily life. This narrative review explored the latest literature regarding long COVID-19 in the pediatric population. We showed that long COVID in children might be a relevant clinical problem. In most cases, the prognosis is good, but some children may develop long-term symptoms with a significant impact on their daily life. The paucity of studies on long COVID, including a control group of children not infected by SARS-CoV-2, prevents us from drawing firm conclusions. Whether the neuropsychiatric symptoms widely observed in children and adolescents with long COVID are the consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection or are due to the tremendous stress resulting from the restrictions and the pandemics is still not clear. In both cases, psychological support can play a fundamental role in managing COVID pandemics in children. More knowledge is needed to share a standardized definition of the syndrome and improve its management and treatment.
Keywords: COVID; SARS-CoV-2; long COVID; neuropsychiatric symptoms; quality of life.