tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
. 2026 Mar 12;75(9):116-123.
doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7509a2.
Interim Estimates of 2025-26 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness - United States, September 2025-February 2026
Patrick Maloney, Emily L Reeves, Kristina Wielgosz, Ashley M Price, Karthik Natarajan, Malini B DeSilva, Kristin Dascomb, Nicola P Klein, Sara Y Tartof, Stephanie A Irving, Shaun J Grannis, Toan C Ong, Zachary A Weber, Jennifer E Schuster, Danielle M Zerr, Marian G Michaels, Julie A Boom, Natasha B Halasa, Mary A Staat, Geoffrey A Weinberg, Stacey L House, Elie A Saade, Krissy Moehling Geffel, Manjusha Gaglani, Karen J Wernli, Vel Murugan, Emily T Martin, Natalie A B Bontrager, Marie K Kirby, Amanda B Payne, Fatimah S Dawood, Ayzsa Tannis, Heidi L Moline, Sifang Kathy Zhao, Katherine Adams, Jennifer DeCuir, Samantha M Olson, Jessie R Chung, Nathaniel Lewis, Brendan Flannery, Carrie Reed, Shikha Garg, Sascha Ellington; CDC Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Collaborators; CDC Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Collaborators
Collaborators, Affiliations
In the United States, annual influenza vaccination has been recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months, including during the 2025-26 season. Interim influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates were calculated for patients with acute respiratory illness-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations from three U.S. respiratory virus VE networks during the 2025-26 influenza season, using a test-negative case-control design. Among children and adolescents aged <18 years, VE was 38%-41% against influenza outpatient visits and 41% against influenza-associated hospitalization. Among adults aged ≥18 years, VE was 22%-34% against influenza outpatient visits and 30% against influenza-associated hospitalization. Among children and adolescents, VE against influenza A ranged from 37% (against outpatient visits) to 42% (against hospitalization) across settings; among adults, VE against influenza A ranged from 30% (against hospitalization) to 34% (against outpatient visits) across settings. Among children and adolescents, VE against influenza A(H3N2)-associated outpatient visits was 35% and against influenza A(H3N2)-associated hospitalization was 38%. VE against influenza B outpatient visits ranged from 45%-71% among children and adolescents and was 63% among adults. Other estimates of VE were not statistically significant or were not reportable. Although interim influenza VE is lower during the 2025-26 influenza season than it was during recent influenza seasons, these findings demonstrate that influenza vaccination still provides protection against influenza. CDC recommends influenza vaccination; U.S. influenza vaccines remain available for persons aged ≥6 months.
. 2026 Mar 12;75(9):116-123.
doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7509a2.
Interim Estimates of 2025-26 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness - United States, September 2025-February 2026
Patrick Maloney, Emily L Reeves, Kristina Wielgosz, Ashley M Price, Karthik Natarajan, Malini B DeSilva, Kristin Dascomb, Nicola P Klein, Sara Y Tartof, Stephanie A Irving, Shaun J Grannis, Toan C Ong, Zachary A Weber, Jennifer E Schuster, Danielle M Zerr, Marian G Michaels, Julie A Boom, Natasha B Halasa, Mary A Staat, Geoffrey A Weinberg, Stacey L House, Elie A Saade, Krissy Moehling Geffel, Manjusha Gaglani, Karen J Wernli, Vel Murugan, Emily T Martin, Natalie A B Bontrager, Marie K Kirby, Amanda B Payne, Fatimah S Dawood, Ayzsa Tannis, Heidi L Moline, Sifang Kathy Zhao, Katherine Adams, Jennifer DeCuir, Samantha M Olson, Jessie R Chung, Nathaniel Lewis, Brendan Flannery, Carrie Reed, Shikha Garg, Sascha Ellington; CDC Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Collaborators; CDC Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Collaborators
Collaborators, Affiliations
- PMID: 41818161
- PMCID: PMC12981535
- DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7509a2
In the United States, annual influenza vaccination has been recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months, including during the 2025-26 season. Interim influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates were calculated for patients with acute respiratory illness-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations from three U.S. respiratory virus VE networks during the 2025-26 influenza season, using a test-negative case-control design. Among children and adolescents aged <18 years, VE was 38%-41% against influenza outpatient visits and 41% against influenza-associated hospitalization. Among adults aged ≥18 years, VE was 22%-34% against influenza outpatient visits and 30% against influenza-associated hospitalization. Among children and adolescents, VE against influenza A ranged from 37% (against outpatient visits) to 42% (against hospitalization) across settings; among adults, VE against influenza A ranged from 30% (against hospitalization) to 34% (against outpatient visits) across settings. Among children and adolescents, VE against influenza A(H3N2)-associated outpatient visits was 35% and against influenza A(H3N2)-associated hospitalization was 38%. VE against influenza B outpatient visits ranged from 45%-71% among children and adolescents and was 63% among adults. Other estimates of VE were not statistically significant or were not reportable. Although interim influenza VE is lower during the 2025-26 influenza season than it was during recent influenza seasons, these findings demonstrate that influenza vaccination still provides protection against influenza. CDC recommends influenza vaccination; U.S. influenza vaccines remain available for persons aged ≥6 months.