tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Mol Neurobiol
. 2021 Mar 25.
doi: 10.1007/s12035-021-02347-4. Online ahead of print.
Nervous System Involvement in COVID-19: a Review of the Current Knowledge
Mahnaz Norouzi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Paniz Miar[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Shaghayegh Norouzi[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Parvaneh Nikpour[SUP] 4 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
The current pandemic of the new human coronavirus (CoV), i.e., severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has created an urgent global condition. The disease, termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is primarily known as a respiratory tract infection. Although SARS-CoV-2 directly invades the lungs, COVID-19 is a complex multi-system disease with varying degrees of severity and affects several human systems including the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurological, hematopoietic, and immune systems. From the existing data, most COVID-19 cases develop a mild disease typically presented with fever and respiratory illness. However, in some patients, clinical evidence suggests that COVID-19 might progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-organ dysfunction, and septic shock resulting in a critical condition. Likewise, specific organ dysfunction seems to be related to the disease complication, worsens the condition, and increases the lethality of COVID-19. The neurological manifestations in association with disease severity and mortality have been reported in COVID-19 patients. Despite the continuously increasing reports of the neurological symptoms of SARS-CoV-2, our knowledge about the possible routes of nervous system involvement associated with COVID-19 is limited. Herein, we will primarily describe the critical aspects and clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 related to nervous system impairment and then discuss possible routes of SARS-CoV-2 nervous system involvement based on the current evidence.
Keywords: COVID-19; Cytokine storm; Immune system; Nervous system; Neurological manifestations.
. 2021 Mar 25.
doi: 10.1007/s12035-021-02347-4. Online ahead of print.
Nervous System Involvement in COVID-19: a Review of the Current Knowledge
Mahnaz Norouzi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Paniz Miar[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Shaghayegh Norouzi[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Parvaneh Nikpour[SUP] 4 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 33765290
- DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02347-4
Abstract
The current pandemic of the new human coronavirus (CoV), i.e., severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has created an urgent global condition. The disease, termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is primarily known as a respiratory tract infection. Although SARS-CoV-2 directly invades the lungs, COVID-19 is a complex multi-system disease with varying degrees of severity and affects several human systems including the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurological, hematopoietic, and immune systems. From the existing data, most COVID-19 cases develop a mild disease typically presented with fever and respiratory illness. However, in some patients, clinical evidence suggests that COVID-19 might progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-organ dysfunction, and septic shock resulting in a critical condition. Likewise, specific organ dysfunction seems to be related to the disease complication, worsens the condition, and increases the lethality of COVID-19. The neurological manifestations in association with disease severity and mortality have been reported in COVID-19 patients. Despite the continuously increasing reports of the neurological symptoms of SARS-CoV-2, our knowledge about the possible routes of nervous system involvement associated with COVID-19 is limited. Herein, we will primarily describe the critical aspects and clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 related to nervous system impairment and then discuss possible routes of SARS-CoV-2 nervous system involvement based on the current evidence.
Keywords: COVID-19; Cytokine storm; Immune system; Nervous system; Neurological manifestations.