tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Nat Immunol
. 2021 Dec 22.
doi: 10.1038/s41590-021-01095-w. Online ahead of print.
Prolonged activation of nasal immune cell populations and development of tissue-resident SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8 [SUP]+[/SUP] T cell responses following COVID-19
Anna H E Roukens[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Cilia R Pothast[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 2 [/SUP], Marion König[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 3 [/SUP], Wesley Huisman[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 3 [/SUP], Tim Dalebout[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Tamar Tak[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Shohreh Azimi[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Yvonne Kruize[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Renate S Hagedoorn[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mihaela Zlei[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Frank J T Staal[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Fenna J de Bie[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Jacques J M van Dongen[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Sesmu M Arbous[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Jaimie L H Zhang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Maaike Verheij[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Corine Prins[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Anne M van der Does[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Pieter S Hiemstra[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Jutte J C de Vries[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Jacqueline J Janse[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Meta Roestenberg[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Sebenzile K Myeni[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Marjolein Kikkert[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Maria Yazdanbakhsh[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Mirjam H M Heemskerk[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Hermelijn H Smits[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Simon P Jochems[SUP] 8 [/SUP], in collaboration with BEAT-COVID group; in collaboration with COVID-19 LUMC group
Collaborators, Affiliations
Abstract
Systemic immune cell dynamics during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are extensively documented, but these are less well studied in the (upper) respiratory tract, where severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replicates[SUP]1-6[/SUP]. Here, we characterized nasal and systemic immune cells in individuals with COVID-19 who were hospitalized or convalescent and compared the immune cells to those seen in healthy donors. We observed increased nasal granulocytes, monocytes, CD11c[SUP]+[/SUP] natural killer (NK) cells and CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T effector cells during acute COVID-19. The mucosal proinflammatory populations positively associated with peripheral blood human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR[SUP]low[/SUP] monocytes, CD38[SUP]+[/SUP]PD1[SUP]+[/SUP]CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T effector (T[SUB]eff[/SUB]) cells and plasmablasts. However, there was no general lymphopenia in nasal mucosa, unlike in peripheral blood. Moreover, nasal neutrophils negatively associated with oxygen saturation levels in blood. Following convalescence, nasal immune cells mostly normalized, except for CD127[SUP]+[/SUP] granulocytes and CD38[SUP]+[/SUP]CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] tissue-resident memory T cells (T[SUB]RM[/SUB]). SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells persisted at least 2 months after viral clearance in the nasal mucosa, indicating that COVID-19 has both transient and long-term effects on upper respiratory tract immune responses.
. 2021 Dec 22.
doi: 10.1038/s41590-021-01095-w. Online ahead of print.
Prolonged activation of nasal immune cell populations and development of tissue-resident SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8 [SUP]+[/SUP] T cell responses following COVID-19
Anna H E Roukens[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Cilia R Pothast[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 2 [/SUP], Marion König[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 3 [/SUP], Wesley Huisman[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 3 [/SUP], Tim Dalebout[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Tamar Tak[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Shohreh Azimi[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Yvonne Kruize[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Renate S Hagedoorn[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mihaela Zlei[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Frank J T Staal[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Fenna J de Bie[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Jacques J M van Dongen[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Sesmu M Arbous[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Jaimie L H Zhang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Maaike Verheij[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Corine Prins[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Anne M van der Does[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Pieter S Hiemstra[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Jutte J C de Vries[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Jacqueline J Janse[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Meta Roestenberg[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Sebenzile K Myeni[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Marjolein Kikkert[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Maria Yazdanbakhsh[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Mirjam H M Heemskerk[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Hermelijn H Smits[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Simon P Jochems[SUP] 8 [/SUP], in collaboration with BEAT-COVID group; in collaboration with COVID-19 LUMC group
Collaborators, Affiliations
- PMID: 34937933
- DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01095-w
Abstract
Systemic immune cell dynamics during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are extensively documented, but these are less well studied in the (upper) respiratory tract, where severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replicates[SUP]1-6[/SUP]. Here, we characterized nasal and systemic immune cells in individuals with COVID-19 who were hospitalized or convalescent and compared the immune cells to those seen in healthy donors. We observed increased nasal granulocytes, monocytes, CD11c[SUP]+[/SUP] natural killer (NK) cells and CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T effector cells during acute COVID-19. The mucosal proinflammatory populations positively associated with peripheral blood human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR[SUP]low[/SUP] monocytes, CD38[SUP]+[/SUP]PD1[SUP]+[/SUP]CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T effector (T[SUB]eff[/SUB]) cells and plasmablasts. However, there was no general lymphopenia in nasal mucosa, unlike in peripheral blood. Moreover, nasal neutrophils negatively associated with oxygen saturation levels in blood. Following convalescence, nasal immune cells mostly normalized, except for CD127[SUP]+[/SUP] granulocytes and CD38[SUP]+[/SUP]CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] tissue-resident memory T cells (T[SUB]RM[/SUB]). SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells persisted at least 2 months after viral clearance in the nasal mucosa, indicating that COVID-19 has both transient and long-term effects on upper respiratory tract immune responses.