tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Nat Immunol
. 2025 Jan 20.
doi: 10.1038/s41590-024-02052-z. Online ahead of print. Variants and vaccines impact nasal immunity over three waves of SARS-CoV-2
Jaclyn M L Walsh[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 2 3 4 [/SUP], Vincent N Miao[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 4 5 6 7 [/SUP], Anna H Owings[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 8 9 [/SUP], Ying Tang[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Joshua D Bromley[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 4 5 6 10 [/SUP], Samuel W Kazer[SUP] 1 2 4 5 [/SUP], Kyle Kimler[SUP] 1 4 5 6 11 12 [/SUP], Chelsea Asare[SUP] 1 4 [/SUP], Carly G K Ziegler[SUP] 4 5 6 7 13 [/SUP], Samira Ibrahim[SUP] 4 5 6 [/SUP], Tasneem Jivanjee[SUP] 4 5 6 [/SUP], Micayla George[SUP] 4 5 6 [/SUP], Andrew W Navia[SUP] 4 5 6 11 [/SUP], Riley S Drake[SUP] 4 5 6 [/SUP], Adam Parker[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Benjamin C Billingsley[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Paul Dotherow[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Spurthi Tarugu[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Sai K Kota[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Hannah Laird[SUP] 8 9 [/SUP], T Grant Wichman[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Yesenia T Davis[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Neha S Dhaliwal[SUP] 8 9 [/SUP], Yilianys Pride[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Yanglin Guo[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Michal Senitko[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Jessie Harvey[SUP] 8 [/SUP], John T Bates[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Gill Diamond[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Michael R Garrett[SUP] 8 15 [/SUP], D Ashley Robinson[SUP] 15 [/SUP], I J Frame[SUP] 17 [/SUP], Jonathan J Lyons[SUP] 18 19 [/SUP], Tanya O Robinson[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Alex K Shalek[SUP] 3 4 5 6 7 11 13 20 [/SUP], Bruce H Horwitz[SUP] 1 3 21 [/SUP], Sarah C Glover[SUP] 9 15 22 [/SUP], Jose Ordovas-Montanes[SUP] 23 24 25 26 27 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Viral variant and host vaccination status impact infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), yet how these factors shift cellular responses in the human nasal mucosa remains uncharacterized. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on nasopharyngeal swabs from vaccinated and unvaccinated adults with acute Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infections and integrated with data from acute infections with ancestral SARS-CoV-2. Patients with Delta and Omicron exhibited greater similarity in nasal cell composition driven by myeloid, T cell and SARS-CoV-2[SUP]hi[/SUP] cell subsets, which was distinct from that of ancestral cases. Delta-infected samples had a marked increase in viral RNA, and a subset of PER2[SUP]+[/SUP]EGR1[SUP]+[/SUP]GDF15[SUP]+[/SUP] epithelial cells was enriched in SARS-CoV-2 RNA[SUP]+[/SUP] cells in all variants. Prior vaccination was associated with increased frequency and activation of nasal macrophages. Expression of interferon-stimulated genes negatively correlated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity in patients with ancestral and Delta but not Omicron variants. Our study defines nasal cell responses and signatures of disease severity across SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccination.
. 2025 Jan 20.
doi: 10.1038/s41590-024-02052-z. Online ahead of print. Variants and vaccines impact nasal immunity over three waves of SARS-CoV-2
Jaclyn M L Walsh[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 2 3 4 [/SUP], Vincent N Miao[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 4 5 6 7 [/SUP], Anna H Owings[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 8 9 [/SUP], Ying Tang[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Joshua D Bromley[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 4 5 6 10 [/SUP], Samuel W Kazer[SUP] 1 2 4 5 [/SUP], Kyle Kimler[SUP] 1 4 5 6 11 12 [/SUP], Chelsea Asare[SUP] 1 4 [/SUP], Carly G K Ziegler[SUP] 4 5 6 7 13 [/SUP], Samira Ibrahim[SUP] 4 5 6 [/SUP], Tasneem Jivanjee[SUP] 4 5 6 [/SUP], Micayla George[SUP] 4 5 6 [/SUP], Andrew W Navia[SUP] 4 5 6 11 [/SUP], Riley S Drake[SUP] 4 5 6 [/SUP], Adam Parker[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Benjamin C Billingsley[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Paul Dotherow[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Spurthi Tarugu[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Sai K Kota[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Hannah Laird[SUP] 8 9 [/SUP], T Grant Wichman[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Yesenia T Davis[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Neha S Dhaliwal[SUP] 8 9 [/SUP], Yilianys Pride[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Yanglin Guo[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Michal Senitko[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Jessie Harvey[SUP] 8 [/SUP], John T Bates[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Gill Diamond[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Michael R Garrett[SUP] 8 15 [/SUP], D Ashley Robinson[SUP] 15 [/SUP], I J Frame[SUP] 17 [/SUP], Jonathan J Lyons[SUP] 18 19 [/SUP], Tanya O Robinson[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Alex K Shalek[SUP] 3 4 5 6 7 11 13 20 [/SUP], Bruce H Horwitz[SUP] 1 3 21 [/SUP], Sarah C Glover[SUP] 9 15 22 [/SUP], Jose Ordovas-Montanes[SUP] 23 24 25 26 27 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 39833605
- DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-02052-z
Viral variant and host vaccination status impact infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), yet how these factors shift cellular responses in the human nasal mucosa remains uncharacterized. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on nasopharyngeal swabs from vaccinated and unvaccinated adults with acute Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infections and integrated with data from acute infections with ancestral SARS-CoV-2. Patients with Delta and Omicron exhibited greater similarity in nasal cell composition driven by myeloid, T cell and SARS-CoV-2[SUP]hi[/SUP] cell subsets, which was distinct from that of ancestral cases. Delta-infected samples had a marked increase in viral RNA, and a subset of PER2[SUP]+[/SUP]EGR1[SUP]+[/SUP]GDF15[SUP]+[/SUP] epithelial cells was enriched in SARS-CoV-2 RNA[SUP]+[/SUP] cells in all variants. Prior vaccination was associated with increased frequency and activation of nasal macrophages. Expression of interferon-stimulated genes negatively correlated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity in patients with ancestral and Delta but not Omicron variants. Our study defines nasal cell responses and signatures of disease severity across SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccination.