tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Natl Sci Rev
. 2025 Jul 1;12(9):nwaf262.
doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf262. eCollection 2025 Sep. H5N1 virus invades the mammary glands of dairy cattle through 'mouth-to-teat' transmission
Jianzhong Shi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Huihui Kong[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Pengfei Cui[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Guohua Deng[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Xianying Zeng[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yongping Jiang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Xijun He[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Xianfeng Zhang[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Lei Chen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yichao Zhuang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yan Wang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jinming Ma[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jiaqi Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yaping Zhang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Congcong Wang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Chen He[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jiaxin Yang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jiongjie Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Wenyu Liu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jinyu Yang[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Shenggang Mao[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Jinxiong Liu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Pucheng Chen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Guobin Tian[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Chengjun Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yuntao Guan[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Zhigao Bu[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Hualan Chen[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
H5N1 influenza outbreaks have been reported on more than 1070 dairy farms across 17 states in the USA. Damage to the mammary gland and high levels of virus in milk were common features of the infected cattle, but it is unclear how the virus initially invades the mammary glands, and no control strategy is currently available. Here, we found that cattle oral tissues support H5N1 virus binding and replication, and virus replicating in the mouth of cattle transmitted to the mammary glands of dairy cattle during sucking. We also found that an H5 inactivated vaccine or a hemagglutinin-based DNA vaccine induced sterilizing immunity in cows against challenges with different H5N1 viruses. Our study provides insights into H5N1 virus transmission and control in cattle.
Keywords: H5N1 avian influenza virus; dairy cattle; replication; transmission; vaccination.
. 2025 Jul 1;12(9):nwaf262.
doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf262. eCollection 2025 Sep. H5N1 virus invades the mammary glands of dairy cattle through 'mouth-to-teat' transmission
Jianzhong Shi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Huihui Kong[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Pengfei Cui[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Guohua Deng[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Xianying Zeng[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yongping Jiang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Xijun He[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Xianfeng Zhang[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Lei Chen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yichao Zhuang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yan Wang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jinming Ma[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jiaqi Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yaping Zhang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Congcong Wang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Chen He[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jiaxin Yang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jiongjie Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Wenyu Liu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jinyu Yang[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Shenggang Mao[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Jinxiong Liu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Pucheng Chen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Guobin Tian[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Chengjun Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yuntao Guan[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Zhigao Bu[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Hualan Chen[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 40809875
- PMCID: PMC12342610
- DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf262
H5N1 influenza outbreaks have been reported on more than 1070 dairy farms across 17 states in the USA. Damage to the mammary gland and high levels of virus in milk were common features of the infected cattle, but it is unclear how the virus initially invades the mammary glands, and no control strategy is currently available. Here, we found that cattle oral tissues support H5N1 virus binding and replication, and virus replicating in the mouth of cattle transmitted to the mammary glands of dairy cattle during sucking. We also found that an H5 inactivated vaccine or a hemagglutinin-based DNA vaccine induced sterilizing immunity in cows against challenges with different H5N1 viruses. Our study provides insights into H5N1 virus transmission and control in cattle.
Keywords: H5N1 avian influenza virus; dairy cattle; replication; transmission; vaccination.