tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Open Biol
. 2020 Sep;10(9):200160.
doi: 10.1098/rsob.200160. Epub 2020 Sep 23.
Cytokine storm and COVID-19: a chronicle of pro-inflammatory cytokines
Antonella Fara[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Zan Mitrev[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Rodney Alexander Rosalia[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Bakri M Assas[SUP] 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has swept the world, unlike any other pandemic in the last 50 years. Our understanding of the disease has evolved rapidly since the outbreak; disease prognosis is influenced mainly by multi-organ involvement. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, heart failure, renal failure, liver damage, shock and multi-organ failure are strongly associated with morbidity and mortality. The COVID-19 disease pathology is plausibly linked to the hyperinflammatory response of the body characterized by pathological cytokine levels. The term 'cytokine storm syndrome' is perhaps one of the critical hallmarks of COVID-19 disease severity. In this review, we highlight prominent cytokine families and their potential role in COVID-19, the type I and II interferons, tumour necrosis factor and members of the Interleukin family. We address various changes in cellular components of the immune response corroborating with changes in cytokine levels while discussing cytokine sources and biological functions. Finally, we discuss in brief potential therapies attempting to modulate the cytokine storm.
Keywords: COVID-19; IFN-γ; IL-6; SARS; TNF-α; coronavirus.
. 2020 Sep;10(9):200160.
doi: 10.1098/rsob.200160. Epub 2020 Sep 23.
Cytokine storm and COVID-19: a chronicle of pro-inflammatory cytokines
Antonella Fara[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Zan Mitrev[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Rodney Alexander Rosalia[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Bakri M Assas[SUP] 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 32961074
- DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200160
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has swept the world, unlike any other pandemic in the last 50 years. Our understanding of the disease has evolved rapidly since the outbreak; disease prognosis is influenced mainly by multi-organ involvement. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, heart failure, renal failure, liver damage, shock and multi-organ failure are strongly associated with morbidity and mortality. The COVID-19 disease pathology is plausibly linked to the hyperinflammatory response of the body characterized by pathological cytokine levels. The term 'cytokine storm syndrome' is perhaps one of the critical hallmarks of COVID-19 disease severity. In this review, we highlight prominent cytokine families and their potential role in COVID-19, the type I and II interferons, tumour necrosis factor and members of the Interleukin family. We address various changes in cellular components of the immune response corroborating with changes in cytokine levels while discussing cytokine sources and biological functions. Finally, we discuss in brief potential therapies attempting to modulate the cytokine storm.
Keywords: COVID-19; IFN-γ; IL-6; SARS; TNF-α; coronavirus.