tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Open Forum Infect Dis
. 2023 Nov 16;10(12)
fad580.
doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofad580. eCollection 2023 Dec. Etiology of Acute Lower Respiratory Illness Hospitalizations Among Infants in 4 Countries
John Kubale[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Stephanie Kujawski[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Irena Chen[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Zhenke Wu[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Ilham Abu Khader[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Iris Hasibra[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Brett Whitaker[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Lionel Gresh[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Artan Simaku[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Eric A F Simões[SUP] 8 9 [/SUP], Mahmoud Al-Gazo[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Shannon Rogers[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Susan I Gerber[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Angel Balmaseda[SUP] 7 10 [/SUP], Veronica L Tallo[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Tareq M Al-Sanouri[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Rachael Porter[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Silvia Bino[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Meredith McMorrow[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Danielle Hunt[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Mark Thompson[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Holly M Biggs[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Aubree Gordon[SUP] 13 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Background: Recent studies explored which pathogens drive the global burden of pneumonia hospitalizations among young children. However, the etiology of broader acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRIs) remains unclear.
Methods: Using a multicountry study (Albania, Jordan, Nicaragua, and the Philippines) of hospitalized infants and non-ill community controls between 2015 and 2017, we assessed the prevalence and severity of viral infections and coinfections. We also estimated the proportion of ALRI hospitalizations caused by 21 respiratory pathogens identified via multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with bayesian nested partially latent class models.
Results: An overall 3632 hospitalized infants and 1068 non-ill community controls participated in the study and had specimens tested. Among hospitalized infants, 1743 (48.0%) met the ALRI case definition for the etiology analysis. After accounting for the prevalence in non-ill controls, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was responsible for the largest proportion of ALRI hospitalizations, although the magnitude varied across sites-ranging from 65.2% (95% credible interval, 46.3%-79.6%) in Albania to 34.9% (95% credible interval, 20.0%-49.0%) in the Philippines. While the fraction of ALRI hospitalizations caused by RSV decreased as age increased, it remained the greatest driver. After RSV, rhinovirus/enterovirus (range, 13.4%-27.1%) and human metapneumovirus (range, 6.3%-12.0%) were the next-highest contributors to ALRI hospitalizations.
Conclusions: We observed substantial numbers of ALRI hospitalizations, with RSV as the largest source, particularly in infants aged <3 months. This underscores the potential for vaccines and long-lasting monoclonal antibodies on the horizon to reduce the burden of ALRI in infants worldwide.
Keywords: RSV; etiology; global health; influenza virus; respiratory infections.
. 2023 Nov 16;10(12)
fad580.doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofad580. eCollection 2023 Dec. Etiology of Acute Lower Respiratory Illness Hospitalizations Among Infants in 4 Countries
John Kubale[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Stephanie Kujawski[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Irena Chen[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Zhenke Wu[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Ilham Abu Khader[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Iris Hasibra[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Brett Whitaker[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Lionel Gresh[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Artan Simaku[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Eric A F Simões[SUP] 8 9 [/SUP], Mahmoud Al-Gazo[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Shannon Rogers[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Susan I Gerber[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Angel Balmaseda[SUP] 7 10 [/SUP], Veronica L Tallo[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Tareq M Al-Sanouri[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Rachael Porter[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Silvia Bino[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Meredith McMorrow[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Danielle Hunt[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Mark Thompson[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Holly M Biggs[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Aubree Gordon[SUP] 13 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 38130597
- PMCID: PMC10733183
- DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad580
Background: Recent studies explored which pathogens drive the global burden of pneumonia hospitalizations among young children. However, the etiology of broader acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRIs) remains unclear.
Methods: Using a multicountry study (Albania, Jordan, Nicaragua, and the Philippines) of hospitalized infants and non-ill community controls between 2015 and 2017, we assessed the prevalence and severity of viral infections and coinfections. We also estimated the proportion of ALRI hospitalizations caused by 21 respiratory pathogens identified via multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with bayesian nested partially latent class models.
Results: An overall 3632 hospitalized infants and 1068 non-ill community controls participated in the study and had specimens tested. Among hospitalized infants, 1743 (48.0%) met the ALRI case definition for the etiology analysis. After accounting for the prevalence in non-ill controls, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was responsible for the largest proportion of ALRI hospitalizations, although the magnitude varied across sites-ranging from 65.2% (95% credible interval, 46.3%-79.6%) in Albania to 34.9% (95% credible interval, 20.0%-49.0%) in the Philippines. While the fraction of ALRI hospitalizations caused by RSV decreased as age increased, it remained the greatest driver. After RSV, rhinovirus/enterovirus (range, 13.4%-27.1%) and human metapneumovirus (range, 6.3%-12.0%) were the next-highest contributors to ALRI hospitalizations.
Conclusions: We observed substantial numbers of ALRI hospitalizations, with RSV as the largest source, particularly in infants aged <3 months. This underscores the potential for vaccines and long-lasting monoclonal antibodies on the horizon to reduce the burden of ALRI in infants worldwide.
Keywords: RSV; etiology; global health; influenza virus; respiratory infections.