tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Open Forum Infect Dis
. 2024 Jul 11;11(7)
fae355.
doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofae355. eCollection 2024 Jul. High Prevalence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza: A Virus in Vietnam's Live Bird Markets
Duy Tung Dao[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kristen K Coleman[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Vuong N Bui[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Anh N Bui[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Long H Tran[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Quy D Nguyen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Son Than[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Laura A Pulscher[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Lyudmyla V Marushchak[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Emily R Robie[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Hung Nguyen-Viet[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Phuc Duc Pham[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Nathaniel C Christy[SUP] 9 [/SUP], John S Brooks[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Huy C Nguyen[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Adam M Rubrum[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Richard J Webby[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Gregory C Gray[SUP] 5 11 12 13 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Background: In recent years, Vietnam has suffered multiple epizootics of influenza in poultry.
Methods: From 10 January 2019 to 26 April 2021, we employed a One Health influenza surveillance approach at live bird markets (LBMs) and swine farms in Northern Vietnam. When the COVID-19 pandemic permitted, each month, field teams collected oral secretion samples from poultry and pigs, animal facility bioaerosol and fecal samples, and animal worker nasal washes at 4 LBMs and 5 swine farms across 5 sites. Initially samples were screened with molecular assays followed by culture in embryonated eggs (poultry swabs) or Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (human or swine swabs).
Results: Many of the 3493 samples collected had either molecular or culture evidence for influenza A virus, including 314 (37.5%) of the 837 poultry oropharyngeal swabs, 144 (25.1%) of the 574 bioaerosol samples, 438 (34.9%) of the 1257 poultry fecal swab samples, and 16 (1.9%) of the 828 human nasal washes. Culturing poultry samples yielded 454 influenza A isolates, 83 of which were H5, and 70 (84.3%) of these were highly pathogenic. Additionally, a positive human sample had a H9N2 avian-like PB1 gene. In contrast, the prevalence of influenza A in the swine farms was much lower with only 6 (0.4%) of the 1700 total swine farm samples studied, having molecular evidence for influenza A virus.
Conclusions: This study suggests that Vietnam's LBMs continue to harbor high prevalences of avian influenza A viruses, including many highly pathogenic H5N6 strains, which will continue to threaten poultry and humans.
Keywords: avian influenza virus; highly pathogenic avian influenza virus; influenza virus; zoonosis; zoonotic influenza.
. 2024 Jul 11;11(7)
fae355.doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofae355. eCollection 2024 Jul. High Prevalence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza: A Virus in Vietnam's Live Bird Markets
Duy Tung Dao[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kristen K Coleman[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Vuong N Bui[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Anh N Bui[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Long H Tran[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Quy D Nguyen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Son Than[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Laura A Pulscher[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Lyudmyla V Marushchak[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Emily R Robie[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Hung Nguyen-Viet[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Phuc Duc Pham[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Nathaniel C Christy[SUP] 9 [/SUP], John S Brooks[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Huy C Nguyen[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Adam M Rubrum[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Richard J Webby[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Gregory C Gray[SUP] 5 11 12 13 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 39015351
- PMCID: PMC11250224
- DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae355
Background: In recent years, Vietnam has suffered multiple epizootics of influenza in poultry.
Methods: From 10 January 2019 to 26 April 2021, we employed a One Health influenza surveillance approach at live bird markets (LBMs) and swine farms in Northern Vietnam. When the COVID-19 pandemic permitted, each month, field teams collected oral secretion samples from poultry and pigs, animal facility bioaerosol and fecal samples, and animal worker nasal washes at 4 LBMs and 5 swine farms across 5 sites. Initially samples were screened with molecular assays followed by culture in embryonated eggs (poultry swabs) or Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (human or swine swabs).
Results: Many of the 3493 samples collected had either molecular or culture evidence for influenza A virus, including 314 (37.5%) of the 837 poultry oropharyngeal swabs, 144 (25.1%) of the 574 bioaerosol samples, 438 (34.9%) of the 1257 poultry fecal swab samples, and 16 (1.9%) of the 828 human nasal washes. Culturing poultry samples yielded 454 influenza A isolates, 83 of which were H5, and 70 (84.3%) of these were highly pathogenic. Additionally, a positive human sample had a H9N2 avian-like PB1 gene. In contrast, the prevalence of influenza A in the swine farms was much lower with only 6 (0.4%) of the 1700 total swine farm samples studied, having molecular evidence for influenza A virus.
Conclusions: This study suggests that Vietnam's LBMs continue to harbor high prevalences of avian influenza A viruses, including many highly pathogenic H5N6 strains, which will continue to threaten poultry and humans.
Keywords: avian influenza virus; highly pathogenic avian influenza virus; influenza virus; zoonosis; zoonotic influenza.