tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Virol. 2016 Mar 30. pii: JVI.03122-15. [Epub ahead of print]
[h=1]Pathogenesis of Influenza D virus in Cattle.[/h] Ferguson L[SUP]1[/SUP], Olivier AK[SUP]2[/SUP], Genova S[SUP]2[/SUP], Epperson WB[SUP]2[/SUP], Smith DR[SUP]2[/SUP], Schneider L[SUP]2[/SUP], Barton K[SUP]2[/SUP], McCuan K[SUP]2[/SUP], Webby RJ[SUP]3[/SUP], Wan XF[SUP]4[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] Cattle have been proposed as the natural reservoir of a novel member of theOrthomyxoviridaevirus family which has been tentatively classified as influenza D virus (IDV). Although isolated from sick animals it is unclear IDV causes any clinical disease in cattle. To address this aspect of Koch's postulates, three dairy calves (treatment animals) held in individual pens were inoculated intranasally with D/bovine/Mississippi/C00046N/2014. At 1 day post inoculation a seronegative calf (contact animal) was added to each of the treatment animal pens. The cattle in both treatment and contact groups seroconverted and virus was detected in their respiratory tracts. Histologically there was a significant increase in neutrophil tracking in tracheal epithelia of the treatment calves as compared to control animals. While infected and contact animals demonstrated various symptoms of respiratory infection, these were mild and calves in the treatment group did not differ from controls in terms of heart rate, respiratory rate or rectal temperature. To mimic zoonotic transmission, two ferrets were exposed to a plastic toy fomite soaked with infected nasal discharge from the treatment calves. These ferrets did not shed the virus or seroconvert. In summary, this study demonstrates that IDV causes a mild respiratory disease upon experimental infection of cattle and can be transmitted effectively among cattle by in-pen contact, but not from cattle to ferrets through fomite exposure. These findings support the hypothesis that cattle are a natural reservoir for this virus.
[h=4]IMPACT:[/h] A novel influenza virus, tentatively classified as influenza D virus (IDV), was identified in swine, cattle, sheep, and goats. Among these hosts, cattle have been proposed as the natural reservoir. In this study, we show that cattle experimentally infected with IDV can shed virus and transmit it to other cattle through direct contact but not to ferrets through fomite routes. IDV caused minor clinical signs in the infected cattle fulfilling another of Koch's postulates for this novel agent, although other objective clinical endpoints were not different to those of control animals. Although the disease observed was mild, IDV induced neutrophil tracking and epithelial attenuation in cattle trachea, which could facilitate co-infection of other pathogens in so doing predisposing animals to bovine respiratory disease.
Copyright ? 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
PMID: 27030270 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
[h=1]Pathogenesis of Influenza D virus in Cattle.[/h] Ferguson L[SUP]1[/SUP], Olivier AK[SUP]2[/SUP], Genova S[SUP]2[/SUP], Epperson WB[SUP]2[/SUP], Smith DR[SUP]2[/SUP], Schneider L[SUP]2[/SUP], Barton K[SUP]2[/SUP], McCuan K[SUP]2[/SUP], Webby RJ[SUP]3[/SUP], Wan XF[SUP]4[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] Cattle have been proposed as the natural reservoir of a novel member of theOrthomyxoviridaevirus family which has been tentatively classified as influenza D virus (IDV). Although isolated from sick animals it is unclear IDV causes any clinical disease in cattle. To address this aspect of Koch's postulates, three dairy calves (treatment animals) held in individual pens were inoculated intranasally with D/bovine/Mississippi/C00046N/2014. At 1 day post inoculation a seronegative calf (contact animal) was added to each of the treatment animal pens. The cattle in both treatment and contact groups seroconverted and virus was detected in their respiratory tracts. Histologically there was a significant increase in neutrophil tracking in tracheal epithelia of the treatment calves as compared to control animals. While infected and contact animals demonstrated various symptoms of respiratory infection, these were mild and calves in the treatment group did not differ from controls in terms of heart rate, respiratory rate or rectal temperature. To mimic zoonotic transmission, two ferrets were exposed to a plastic toy fomite soaked with infected nasal discharge from the treatment calves. These ferrets did not shed the virus or seroconvert. In summary, this study demonstrates that IDV causes a mild respiratory disease upon experimental infection of cattle and can be transmitted effectively among cattle by in-pen contact, but not from cattle to ferrets through fomite exposure. These findings support the hypothesis that cattle are a natural reservoir for this virus.
[h=4]IMPACT:[/h] A novel influenza virus, tentatively classified as influenza D virus (IDV), was identified in swine, cattle, sheep, and goats. Among these hosts, cattle have been proposed as the natural reservoir. In this study, we show that cattle experimentally infected with IDV can shed virus and transmit it to other cattle through direct contact but not to ferrets through fomite routes. IDV caused minor clinical signs in the infected cattle fulfilling another of Koch's postulates for this novel agent, although other objective clinical endpoints were not different to those of control animals. Although the disease observed was mild, IDV induced neutrophil tracking and epithelial attenuation in cattle trachea, which could facilitate co-infection of other pathogens in so doing predisposing animals to bovine respiratory disease.
Copyright ? 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
PMID: 27030270 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]