tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Pediatrics
. 2022 Jan 3;e2021054260.
doi: 10.1542/peds.2021-054260. Online ahead of print.
Human Milk SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies up to 6 Months After Vaccination
Stephanie E Perez[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Luis Diego Luna Centeno[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Wesley A Cheng[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Carolyn Jennifer Marentes Ruiz[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yesun Lee[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Zion Congrave-Wilson[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rebecca L Powell[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Lisa Stellwagen[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Pia S Pannaraj[SUP] 1 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific antibodies have been detected in human milk up to 6 weeks post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, neutralization activity, effect of pasteurization, and persistence through 6 months after vaccination.
Methods: This prospective longitudinal study enrolled 30 pregnant or lactating women. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and neutralization capacity were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay compared at prevaccination and 1, 3, and 6 months postvaccination, and through Holder pasteurization.
Results: Human milk SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG levels peaked at 1 month postvaccination and persisted above prevaccination levels for at least 6 months (P = .005). SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA was detected at 1 and 3 months (both P < .001) but waned by 6 months compared with baseline (P = .07). Milk SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and IgA correlated with serum IgG at the same time point (R2 = 0.37, P < .001 and R2 = 0.19, P < .001). Neutralization activity was seen in 83.3%, 70.4%, and 25.0% of milk samples at 1, 3, and 6 months postvaccination. Neutralization most strongly correlated with SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG (R2 = 0.57, P < .001). Pre- and postpasteurization samples showed similar IgG (0.84 vs 1.07, P = .36) and neutralizing activity (57.7% vs 58.7% inhibition, P = .27), but lower IgM and IgA levels postpasteurization (0.09 vs 0.06, P = .004 and 0.21 vs 0.18, P = .043).
Conclusions: The data suggest that human milk SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies may be available to milk-fed infants for up to 6 months. In addition, donor milk from vaccinated mothers retain IgG and neutralizing activity.
. 2022 Jan 3;e2021054260.
doi: 10.1542/peds.2021-054260. Online ahead of print.
Human Milk SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies up to 6 Months After Vaccination
Stephanie E Perez[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Luis Diego Luna Centeno[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Wesley A Cheng[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Carolyn Jennifer Marentes Ruiz[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yesun Lee[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Zion Congrave-Wilson[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rebecca L Powell[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Lisa Stellwagen[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Pia S Pannaraj[SUP] 1 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34981122
- DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-054260
Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific antibodies have been detected in human milk up to 6 weeks post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, neutralization activity, effect of pasteurization, and persistence through 6 months after vaccination.
Methods: This prospective longitudinal study enrolled 30 pregnant or lactating women. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and neutralization capacity were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay compared at prevaccination and 1, 3, and 6 months postvaccination, and through Holder pasteurization.
Results: Human milk SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG levels peaked at 1 month postvaccination and persisted above prevaccination levels for at least 6 months (P = .005). SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA was detected at 1 and 3 months (both P < .001) but waned by 6 months compared with baseline (P = .07). Milk SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and IgA correlated with serum IgG at the same time point (R2 = 0.37, P < .001 and R2 = 0.19, P < .001). Neutralization activity was seen in 83.3%, 70.4%, and 25.0% of milk samples at 1, 3, and 6 months postvaccination. Neutralization most strongly correlated with SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG (R2 = 0.57, P < .001). Pre- and postpasteurization samples showed similar IgG (0.84 vs 1.07, P = .36) and neutralizing activity (57.7% vs 58.7% inhibition, P = .27), but lower IgM and IgA levels postpasteurization (0.09 vs 0.06, P = .004 and 0.21 vs 0.18, P = .043).
Conclusions: The data suggest that human milk SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies may be available to milk-fed infants for up to 6 months. In addition, donor milk from vaccinated mothers retain IgG and neutralizing activity.