tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Perfusion
. 2022 Dec 7;2676591221141323.
doi: 10.1177/02676591221141323. Online ahead of print.
Incidentally discovered cold hemagglutinins within autologous blood bag and cardioplegia line in a patient with a recent history of COVID-19 undergoing coronary artery surgery
Erdal Şimşek[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Okay G Karaca[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ferit Çetinkaya[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ferda Can[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Serdar Günaydın[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Introduction: Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by destruction (hemolysis) of erythrocytes. In CAD, autoantibodies that cause agglutination at temperature of optimum +3-+4 ℃ degree cause symptoms. It is known that CAD often occurs after viral infections. Also, it has been reported in case reports that COVID-19 disease can cause CAD.
Case report: 46-year-old male patient with a history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension presented to outpatient clinic in our department to have CABG surgery. He recovered from COVID-19 disease 1.5 months ago. Cardiopulmonary bypass was initiated and the cross-clamp was placed and antegrade Delnido cardioplegia solution was started to be given at +4 ℃. It was observed that the cardioplegia line was agglutinated. On the other hand, it was seen that the autologous blood taken by the anesthesiologist was also agglutinated and formed air bubbles and became unusable. X-clamp was removed and the heart rhythm recovered. The patient was consulted to hematology during postoperative intensive care follow-ups. The cold agglutinin test performed at of +4 ℃ was reported as positive. In this case, we associated the CAD with covid-19 for three main reasons. First one, the patient's complaints about CAD started after COVID-19 disease. Secondly, in the national health archive, the patient's pre-COVID-19 blood tests were completely normal but it was seen that LDH increased and RBC-HCT incompatibility started after COVID-19. As the third, when we search the literature, we have seen the COVID-19 related CAD in many case reports published by hematologists.
Conclusion: With the rare cold agglutinin disease, it seems that we will encounter it more often after the COVID-19 pandemic. Except for deep hypothermia, the most important problem is seen during cardioplegia administration. Therefore, non-blood cardioplegia can be lifesaving.
Keywords: CAD; COVID-19; autoimmune disease; cabg;cardiac surgery; cardiopulmonary bypass; celsius; cold agglutinin disease; coronary artery; coronavirus; hemolysis.
. 2022 Dec 7;2676591221141323.
doi: 10.1177/02676591221141323. Online ahead of print.
Incidentally discovered cold hemagglutinins within autologous blood bag and cardioplegia line in a patient with a recent history of COVID-19 undergoing coronary artery surgery
Erdal Şimşek[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Okay G Karaca[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ferit Çetinkaya[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ferda Can[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Serdar Günaydın[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 36475516
- DOI: 10.1177/02676591221141323
Abstract
Introduction: Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by destruction (hemolysis) of erythrocytes. In CAD, autoantibodies that cause agglutination at temperature of optimum +3-+4 ℃ degree cause symptoms. It is known that CAD often occurs after viral infections. Also, it has been reported in case reports that COVID-19 disease can cause CAD.
Case report: 46-year-old male patient with a history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension presented to outpatient clinic in our department to have CABG surgery. He recovered from COVID-19 disease 1.5 months ago. Cardiopulmonary bypass was initiated and the cross-clamp was placed and antegrade Delnido cardioplegia solution was started to be given at +4 ℃. It was observed that the cardioplegia line was agglutinated. On the other hand, it was seen that the autologous blood taken by the anesthesiologist was also agglutinated and formed air bubbles and became unusable. X-clamp was removed and the heart rhythm recovered. The patient was consulted to hematology during postoperative intensive care follow-ups. The cold agglutinin test performed at of +4 ℃ was reported as positive. In this case, we associated the CAD with covid-19 for three main reasons. First one, the patient's complaints about CAD started after COVID-19 disease. Secondly, in the national health archive, the patient's pre-COVID-19 blood tests were completely normal but it was seen that LDH increased and RBC-HCT incompatibility started after COVID-19. As the third, when we search the literature, we have seen the COVID-19 related CAD in many case reports published by hematologists.
Conclusion: With the rare cold agglutinin disease, it seems that we will encounter it more often after the COVID-19 pandemic. Except for deep hypothermia, the most important problem is seen during cardioplegia administration. Therefore, non-blood cardioplegia can be lifesaving.
Keywords: CAD; COVID-19; autoimmune disease; cabg;cardiac surgery; cardiopulmonary bypass; celsius; cold agglutinin disease; coronary artery; coronavirus; hemolysis.