tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
PLoS One
. 2022 Jun 10;17(6):e0269026.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269026. eCollection 2022.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in Bali, Indonesia
Sri Masyeni[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Erni Juwita Nelwan[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Rois Muqsith Fatawy[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Surya Wibawa[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Putu Arya Nugraha[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Jarwa Antara[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Adi Suparta[SUP] 7 [/SUP], D G Wedha Asmara[SUP] 1 [/SUP], L G Sri Yenny[SUP] 1 [/SUP], A A G Budhitresna[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Dewi Arimas[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Dewi Indriani[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Kmg Parwata[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Ketut Sutarjana[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Eka Sugiartha[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Siska Kahari[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Clareza Arief Wardhana[SUP] 11 [/SUP], A A G Indraningrat[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kadek Mulyantari[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Arya Widiyana Pasek[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Oka Putrawan[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Nyoman Trisna Yustiani[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Gede Wardana[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Made Indra Wijaya[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Suka Aryana[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Yuli Gayatri[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Dewi Dian Sukmawati[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Ketut Suastika[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Tuti Parwati Merati[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Made Bakta[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Raka Widiana[SUP] 13 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Introduction: The spectrum of illness and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients may vary. This study reports the characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Bali, Indonesia, and evaluates the diagnostic value of their clinical symptoms.
Method: This observational study was conducted in eight hospitals. The patients were classified as non-severe COVID-19, severe COVID-19, and non-COVID-19. Demographics, clinical, laboratory, and radiologic characteristics, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients were collected. Factors associated with the severity and outcomes were assessed using the chi-squared test or ANOVA when appropriate. We also compared the clinical features of non-severe COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy.
Results: This study included 92 patients: 41 non-COVID-19 and 51 COVID-19 patients, comprising 45 non-severe and six severe cases. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 were cough (47.1%), fever (31.0%), and dyspnea (25.3%). Cough, fatigue, and anosmia have high accuracy, and combining these complaints in clinical diagnostics offered a higher accuracy in predicting COVID-19 patients (60.1%). We found lower lymphocyte counts and interleukin-1R levels and higher levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 in severe compared than in non-severe COVID-19 patients. Lactate dehydrogenase was associated with intensive care unit admission and ventilator use, while other markers such as neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 were not.
Conclusion: A battery of symptoms, including cough, fatigue, and anosmia, is likely associated with COVID-19 in Bali. Clinicians should be aware of these symptoms to ensure a prompt diagnostic test for COVID-19, beyond other causes of acute febrile illnesses.
. 2022 Jun 10;17(6):e0269026.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269026. eCollection 2022.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in Bali, Indonesia
Sri Masyeni[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Erni Juwita Nelwan[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Rois Muqsith Fatawy[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Surya Wibawa[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Putu Arya Nugraha[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Jarwa Antara[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Adi Suparta[SUP] 7 [/SUP], D G Wedha Asmara[SUP] 1 [/SUP], L G Sri Yenny[SUP] 1 [/SUP], A A G Budhitresna[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Dewi Arimas[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Dewi Indriani[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Kmg Parwata[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Ketut Sutarjana[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Eka Sugiartha[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Siska Kahari[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Clareza Arief Wardhana[SUP] 11 [/SUP], A A G Indraningrat[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kadek Mulyantari[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Arya Widiyana Pasek[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Oka Putrawan[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Nyoman Trisna Yustiani[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Gede Wardana[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Made Indra Wijaya[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Suka Aryana[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Yuli Gayatri[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Dewi Dian Sukmawati[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Ketut Suastika[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Tuti Parwati Merati[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Made Bakta[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Raka Widiana[SUP] 13 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35687545
- DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269026
Abstract
Introduction: The spectrum of illness and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients may vary. This study reports the characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Bali, Indonesia, and evaluates the diagnostic value of their clinical symptoms.
Method: This observational study was conducted in eight hospitals. The patients were classified as non-severe COVID-19, severe COVID-19, and non-COVID-19. Demographics, clinical, laboratory, and radiologic characteristics, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients were collected. Factors associated with the severity and outcomes were assessed using the chi-squared test or ANOVA when appropriate. We also compared the clinical features of non-severe COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy.
Results: This study included 92 patients: 41 non-COVID-19 and 51 COVID-19 patients, comprising 45 non-severe and six severe cases. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 were cough (47.1%), fever (31.0%), and dyspnea (25.3%). Cough, fatigue, and anosmia have high accuracy, and combining these complaints in clinical diagnostics offered a higher accuracy in predicting COVID-19 patients (60.1%). We found lower lymphocyte counts and interleukin-1R levels and higher levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 in severe compared than in non-severe COVID-19 patients. Lactate dehydrogenase was associated with intensive care unit admission and ventilator use, while other markers such as neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 were not.
Conclusion: A battery of symptoms, including cough, fatigue, and anosmia, is likely associated with COVID-19 in Bali. Clinicians should be aware of these symptoms to ensure a prompt diagnostic test for COVID-19, beyond other causes of acute febrile illnesses.