tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
PLoS One
. 2021 Nov 17;16(11):e0258462.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258462. eCollection 2021.
Individual determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy
Philip Gerretsen[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Julia Kim[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Fernando Caravaggio[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Lena Quilty[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Marcos Sanches[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Samantha Wells[SUP] 5 6 [/SUP], Eric E Brown[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Branka Agic[SUP] 6 7 [/SUP], Bruce G Pollock[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Ariel Graff-Guerrero[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Background: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy is a barrier to achieving herd immunity, and thus, a prominent public health concern. This study aimed to identify the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy based on the World Health Organization's '3Cs' model (i.e., confidence, complacency, and convenience) in the United States (U.S.) and Canada.
Methods: Data from 7678 adults ages 18 or older were collected from the four most populous U.S. States, specifically New York, California, Florida, and Texas, and from English-speaking Canada at three timepoints, in May and July 2020, and March 2021 using a web-based survey (www.covid19-database.com). Sociodemographic information was collected, and comprehensive psychological assessments were administered. Univariate analyses were performed to identify the individual determinants of vaccine hesitancy, which were categorized as: 1) vaccine confidence, 2) vaccine complacency, 3) sociodemographic, and 4) other psychological factors. A series of models were computed using these categorizations.
Results: Mistrust of vaccine benefit (β(SE) = 0.67(0.01), p<0.001, partial η2 = 0.26) and lower perceived seriousness of COVID-19 (β(SE) = 0.68(0.02), p<0.001, partial η2 = 0.12) were the principal determinants of vaccine hesitancy. Right-wing political affiliation (β(SE) = 0.32(0.02), p<0.001, partial η2 = 0.03), higher risk propensity (β(SE) = 0.24(0.02), p<0.001, partial η2 = 0.03), and less negative mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic (β(SE) = 0.20(0.01), p<0.001, partial η2 = 0.03) were the main sociodemographic and psychological determinants. Other sociodemographic determinants included younger age, women, race, and employment status. Lack of vaccine confidence and complacency explained 38% and 21% of the variance in vaccine hesitancy, respectively; whereas, sociodemographic and psychological determinants explained 13% and 11% of the variance in vaccine hesitancy, respectively.
Discussion: Targeted and tailored public health interventions that enhance the public's confidence in vaccines and emphasize the risk and seriousness of COVID-19 may address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Efforts directed toward specific marginalized and underserved groups may be required to promote vaccine confidence.
. 2021 Nov 17;16(11):e0258462.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258462. eCollection 2021.
Individual determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy
Philip Gerretsen[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Julia Kim[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Fernando Caravaggio[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Lena Quilty[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Marcos Sanches[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Samantha Wells[SUP] 5 6 [/SUP], Eric E Brown[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Branka Agic[SUP] 6 7 [/SUP], Bruce G Pollock[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Ariel Graff-Guerrero[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34788308
- DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258462
Abstract
Background: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy is a barrier to achieving herd immunity, and thus, a prominent public health concern. This study aimed to identify the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy based on the World Health Organization's '3Cs' model (i.e., confidence, complacency, and convenience) in the United States (U.S.) and Canada.
Methods: Data from 7678 adults ages 18 or older were collected from the four most populous U.S. States, specifically New York, California, Florida, and Texas, and from English-speaking Canada at three timepoints, in May and July 2020, and March 2021 using a web-based survey (www.covid19-database.com). Sociodemographic information was collected, and comprehensive psychological assessments were administered. Univariate analyses were performed to identify the individual determinants of vaccine hesitancy, which were categorized as: 1) vaccine confidence, 2) vaccine complacency, 3) sociodemographic, and 4) other psychological factors. A series of models were computed using these categorizations.
Results: Mistrust of vaccine benefit (β(SE) = 0.67(0.01), p<0.001, partial η2 = 0.26) and lower perceived seriousness of COVID-19 (β(SE) = 0.68(0.02), p<0.001, partial η2 = 0.12) were the principal determinants of vaccine hesitancy. Right-wing political affiliation (β(SE) = 0.32(0.02), p<0.001, partial η2 = 0.03), higher risk propensity (β(SE) = 0.24(0.02), p<0.001, partial η2 = 0.03), and less negative mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic (β(SE) = 0.20(0.01), p<0.001, partial η2 = 0.03) were the main sociodemographic and psychological determinants. Other sociodemographic determinants included younger age, women, race, and employment status. Lack of vaccine confidence and complacency explained 38% and 21% of the variance in vaccine hesitancy, respectively; whereas, sociodemographic and psychological determinants explained 13% and 11% of the variance in vaccine hesitancy, respectively.
Discussion: Targeted and tailored public health interventions that enhance the public's confidence in vaccines and emphasize the risk and seriousness of COVID-19 may address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Efforts directed toward specific marginalized and underserved groups may be required to promote vaccine confidence.