tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
PLoS One
. 2024 Jul 15;19(7):e0304990.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304990. eCollection 2024. Inflammatory profiles are associated with long COVID up to 6 months after COVID-19 onset: A prospective cohort study of individuals with mild to critical COVID-19
Elke Wynberg[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Alvin X Han[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hugo D G van Willigen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Anouk Verveen[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Lisa van Pul[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Irma Maurer[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Ester M van Leeuwen[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Joost G van den Aardweg[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Menno D de Jong[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Pythia Nieuwkerk[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Maria Prins[SUP] 2 6 [/SUP], Neeltje A Kootstra[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Godelieve J de Bree[SUP] 6 [/SUP]; RECoVERED Study Group
Affiliations
Background: After initial COVID-19, immune dysregulation may persist and drive post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). We described longitudinal trajectories of cytokines in adults up to 6 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection and explored early predictors of PASC.
Methods: RECoVERED is a prospective cohort of individuals with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between May 2020 and June 2021 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Serum was collected at weeks 4, 12 and 24 of follow-up. Monthly symptom questionnaires were completed from month 2 after COVID-19 onset onwards; lung diffusion capacity (DLCO) was tested at 6 months. Cytokine concentrations were analysed by human magnetic Luminex screening assay. We used a linear mixed-effects model to study log-concentrations of cytokines over time, assessing their association with socio-demographic and clinical characteristics that were included in the model as fixed effects.
Results: 186/349 (53%) participants had ≥2 serum samples and were included in current analyses. Of these, 101/186 (54%: 45/101[45%] female, median age 55 years [IQR = 45-64]) reported PASC at 12 and 24 weeks after COVID-19 onset. We included 37 reference samples (17/37[46%] female, median age 49 years [IQR = 40-56]). In a multivariate model, PASC was associated with raised CRP and abnormal diffusion capacity with raised IL10, IL17, IL6, IP10 and TNFα at 24 weeks. Early (0-4 week) IL-1β and BMI at COVID-19 onset were predictive of PASC at 24 weeks.
Conclusions: Our findings indicate that immune dysregulation plays an important role in PASC pathogenesis, especially among individuals with reduced pulmonary function. Early IL-1β shows promise as a predictor of PASC.
. 2024 Jul 15;19(7):e0304990.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304990. eCollection 2024. Inflammatory profiles are associated with long COVID up to 6 months after COVID-19 onset: A prospective cohort study of individuals with mild to critical COVID-19
Elke Wynberg[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Alvin X Han[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hugo D G van Willigen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Anouk Verveen[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Lisa van Pul[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Irma Maurer[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Ester M van Leeuwen[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Joost G van den Aardweg[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Menno D de Jong[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Pythia Nieuwkerk[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Maria Prins[SUP] 2 6 [/SUP], Neeltje A Kootstra[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Godelieve J de Bree[SUP] 6 [/SUP]; RECoVERED Study Group
Affiliations
- PMID: 39008486
- DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304990
Background: After initial COVID-19, immune dysregulation may persist and drive post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). We described longitudinal trajectories of cytokines in adults up to 6 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection and explored early predictors of PASC.
Methods: RECoVERED is a prospective cohort of individuals with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between May 2020 and June 2021 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Serum was collected at weeks 4, 12 and 24 of follow-up. Monthly symptom questionnaires were completed from month 2 after COVID-19 onset onwards; lung diffusion capacity (DLCO) was tested at 6 months. Cytokine concentrations were analysed by human magnetic Luminex screening assay. We used a linear mixed-effects model to study log-concentrations of cytokines over time, assessing their association with socio-demographic and clinical characteristics that were included in the model as fixed effects.
Results: 186/349 (53%) participants had ≥2 serum samples and were included in current analyses. Of these, 101/186 (54%: 45/101[45%] female, median age 55 years [IQR = 45-64]) reported PASC at 12 and 24 weeks after COVID-19 onset. We included 37 reference samples (17/37[46%] female, median age 49 years [IQR = 40-56]). In a multivariate model, PASC was associated with raised CRP and abnormal diffusion capacity with raised IL10, IL17, IL6, IP10 and TNFα at 24 weeks. Early (0-4 week) IL-1β and BMI at COVID-19 onset were predictive of PASC at 24 weeks.
Conclusions: Our findings indicate that immune dysregulation plays an important role in PASC pathogenesis, especially among individuals with reduced pulmonary function. Early IL-1β shows promise as a predictor of PASC.