Giuseppe
Emeritus
[Source: PLoS ONE, full text: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]
Influenza A Virus Does Not Encode a Tetherin Antagonist with Vpu-Like Activity and Induces IFN-Dependent Tetherin Expression in Infected Cells
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Influenza A Virus Does Not Encode a Tetherin Antagonist with Vpu-Like Activity and Induces IFN-Dependent Tetherin Expression in Infected Cells
Michael Winkler<SUP>1</SUP>, Stephanie Bertram<SUP>1</SUP>, Kerstin Gnir?<SUP>1</SUP><SUP>,</SUP><SUP>2</SUP>, Inga Nehlmeier<SUP>1</SUP>, Ali Gawanbacht<SUP>3</SUP>, Frank Kirchhoff<SUP>3</SUP>, Christina Ehrhardt<SUP>4</SUP>, Stephan Ludwig<SUP>4</SUP>, Miriam Kiene<SUP>2</SUP>, Anna-Sophie Moldenhauer<SUP>1</SUP>, Ulrike Goedecke<SUP>1</SUP>, Christina B. Karsten<SUP>1</SUP><SUP>,</SUP><SUP>2</SUP><SUP>,</SUP><SUP>5</SUP>, Annika K?hl<SUP>1</SUP><SUP>,</SUP><SUP>2</SUP>, Stefan P?hlmann<SUP>1</SUP><SUP>,</SUP><SUP>2</SUP><SUP>*</SUP>
<SUP></SUP>
1 German Primate Center, G?ttingen, Germany, 2 Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany, 3 Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany, 4 Institute of Molecular Virology, Westf?lische-Wilhelms-University, M?nster, Germany, 5 Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
Abstract
The interferon-induced host cell factor tetherin inhibits release of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from the plasma membrane of infected cells and is counteracted by the HIV-1 protein Vpu. Influenza A virus (FLUAV) also buds from the plasma membrane and is not inhibited by tetherin. Here, we investigated if FLUAV encodes a functional equivalent of Vpu for tetherin antagonism. We found that expression of the FLUAV protein NS1, which antagonizes the interferon (IFN) response, did not block the tetherin-mediated restriction of HIV release, which was rescued by Vpu. Similarly, tetherin-mediated inhibition of HIV release was not rescued by FLUAV infection. In contrast, FLUAV infection induced tetherin expression on target cells in an IFN-dependent manner. These results suggest that FLUAV escapes the antiviral effects of tetherin without encoding a tetherin antagonist with Vpu-like activity.
Citation: Winkler M, Bertram S, Gnir? K, Nehlmeier I, Gawanbacht A, et al. (2012) Influenza A Virus Does Not Encode a Tetherin Antagonist with Vpu-Like Activity and Induces IFN-Dependent Tetherin Expression in Infected Cells. PLoS ONE 7(8): e43337. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043337
Editor: Chen Liang, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Canada
Received: February 15, 2012; Accepted: July 19, 2012; Published: August 27, 2012
Copyright: ? 2012 Winkler et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: The study was supported by the Leibniz Association (MW SB IN ASM UG AK and SP), Sonderforschungsbereich 900 (CK SP), International Research Training Group 1273 (MK) and Center for Infection Biology of Hannover Medical School (KG). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: SP is a PLoS ONE Editorial Board member. This does not alter the authors? adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
* E-mail: s.poehlmann@dpz.eu
-<SUP></SUP>
1 German Primate Center, G?ttingen, Germany, 2 Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany, 3 Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany, 4 Institute of Molecular Virology, Westf?lische-Wilhelms-University, M?nster, Germany, 5 Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
Abstract
The interferon-induced host cell factor tetherin inhibits release of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from the plasma membrane of infected cells and is counteracted by the HIV-1 protein Vpu. Influenza A virus (FLUAV) also buds from the plasma membrane and is not inhibited by tetherin. Here, we investigated if FLUAV encodes a functional equivalent of Vpu for tetherin antagonism. We found that expression of the FLUAV protein NS1, which antagonizes the interferon (IFN) response, did not block the tetherin-mediated restriction of HIV release, which was rescued by Vpu. Similarly, tetherin-mediated inhibition of HIV release was not rescued by FLUAV infection. In contrast, FLUAV infection induced tetherin expression on target cells in an IFN-dependent manner. These results suggest that FLUAV escapes the antiviral effects of tetherin without encoding a tetherin antagonist with Vpu-like activity.
Citation: Winkler M, Bertram S, Gnir? K, Nehlmeier I, Gawanbacht A, et al. (2012) Influenza A Virus Does Not Encode a Tetherin Antagonist with Vpu-Like Activity and Induces IFN-Dependent Tetherin Expression in Infected Cells. PLoS ONE 7(8): e43337. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043337
Editor: Chen Liang, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Canada
Received: February 15, 2012; Accepted: July 19, 2012; Published: August 27, 2012
Copyright: ? 2012 Winkler et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: The study was supported by the Leibniz Association (MW SB IN ASM UG AK and SP), Sonderforschungsbereich 900 (CK SP), International Research Training Group 1273 (MK) and Center for Infection Biology of Hannover Medical School (KG). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: SP is a PLoS ONE Editorial Board member. This does not alter the authors? adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
* E-mail: s.poehlmann@dpz.eu
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