tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Infect Dis Poverty. 2015 Nov 27;4:50. doi: 10.1186/s40249-015-0083-8.
[h=1]Prediction of the next highly pathogenic avian influenza pandemic that can cause illness in humans.[/h] Zhang ZW[SUP]1[/SUP], Liu T[SUP]2[/SUP], Zeng J[SUP]3[/SUP], Chen YE[SUP]4,[/SUP][SUP]5[/SUP], Yuan M[SUP]6,[/SUP][SUP]7[/SUP], Zhang DW[SUP]8,[/SUP][SUP]9[/SUP], Zhu F[SUP]10,[/SUP][SUP]11[/SUP], Yuan S[SUP]12[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] [h=4]BACKGROUND:[/h] In recent years, avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have seriously threatened human health. Questions such as: why do AIVs infect humans?, how quickly can an AIV become pandemic?, and which virus is the most dangerous? cannot be sufficiently answered using current bioinformatic studies.
[h=4]METHOD:[/h] Secondary structures and energies of representative 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of the HA gene were calculated. Then their secondary structures and energies were re-calculated after one or two nucleotide substitutions were introduced into the HA 5'-UTR. Phylogenetic trees on the basis of hemagglutinin (HA) and polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) amino acid sequences and HA 5'-UTR nucleotide sequences were constructed. The connection between the energy and translation efficiency of 5'-UTR was confirmed by in vitro coupled transcription/translation assay.
[h=4]RESULTS:[/h] The simplicity of the secondary structure of the 5'-UTR of the HA gene determines the overall virus replication rate and transmission potential. Point mutation assays show that the 5'-UTR sequences of the HA gene in the influenza subtypes H2N2, H3N2, and H7N9 have greater variation potentials than other virus subtypes.
[h=4]CONCLUSION:[/h] Some high-virulent strains of avian influenza might emerge in the next two to three years. The H2N2 subtype, once disappeared in humans, may stage a comeback. The current outbreak of H7N9 may become pandemic and cause even more deaths, if one or two bases are substituted in the 5'-UTR sequence of the HA gene.
PMID: 26612517 [PubMed - in process] PMCID: PMC4661964 Free PMC Article
[h=1]Prediction of the next highly pathogenic avian influenza pandemic that can cause illness in humans.[/h] Zhang ZW[SUP]1[/SUP], Liu T[SUP]2[/SUP], Zeng J[SUP]3[/SUP], Chen YE[SUP]4,[/SUP][SUP]5[/SUP], Yuan M[SUP]6,[/SUP][SUP]7[/SUP], Zhang DW[SUP]8,[/SUP][SUP]9[/SUP], Zhu F[SUP]10,[/SUP][SUP]11[/SUP], Yuan S[SUP]12[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] [h=4]BACKGROUND:[/h] In recent years, avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have seriously threatened human health. Questions such as: why do AIVs infect humans?, how quickly can an AIV become pandemic?, and which virus is the most dangerous? cannot be sufficiently answered using current bioinformatic studies.
[h=4]METHOD:[/h] Secondary structures and energies of representative 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of the HA gene were calculated. Then their secondary structures and energies were re-calculated after one or two nucleotide substitutions were introduced into the HA 5'-UTR. Phylogenetic trees on the basis of hemagglutinin (HA) and polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) amino acid sequences and HA 5'-UTR nucleotide sequences were constructed. The connection between the energy and translation efficiency of 5'-UTR was confirmed by in vitro coupled transcription/translation assay.
[h=4]RESULTS:[/h] The simplicity of the secondary structure of the 5'-UTR of the HA gene determines the overall virus replication rate and transmission potential. Point mutation assays show that the 5'-UTR sequences of the HA gene in the influenza subtypes H2N2, H3N2, and H7N9 have greater variation potentials than other virus subtypes.
[h=4]CONCLUSION:[/h] Some high-virulent strains of avian influenza might emerge in the next two to three years. The H2N2 subtype, once disappeared in humans, may stage a comeback. The current outbreak of H7N9 may become pandemic and cause even more deaths, if one or two bases are substituted in the 5'-UTR sequence of the HA gene.
PMID: 26612517 [PubMed - in process] PMCID: PMC4661964 Free PMC Article