tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Respir Res
. 2025 Jan 18;26(1):22.
doi: 10.1186/s12931-025-03102-2. Altered immune surveillance of B and T cells in patients with persistent residual lung abnormalities 12 months after severe COVID-19
Julio Flores-Gonzalez[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ivette Buendia-Roldan[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Fernanda Téllez-Quijada[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Carlos Peña-Bates[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Lucero A Ramón-Luing[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Armando Castorena-Maldonado[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ramcés Falfán-Valencia[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Gloria Pérez-Rubio[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Moisés Selman[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Leslie Chavez-Galan[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Leslie Chávez-Galán[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Background: Post-COVID-19 respiratory sequelae often involve lung damage, which is called residual lung abnormalities, and potentially lead to chronic respiratory issues. The adaptive immune response, involving T-cells and B-cells, plays a critical role in pathogen control, inflammation, and tissue repair. However, the link between immune dysregulation and the development of residual lung abnormalities remains unclear.
Methods: 109 patients discharged with residual lung abnormalities after a critical COVID-19 were followed for 12 months and divided as full recovery patients (FRG, n = 88) and persistent lung abnormalities (PLAG, n = 21). Cell profiling analysis was done using flow cytometry at 24 h of not antigen-specific in vitro stimulation. Plasma or supernatant levels of IFN-g, IL-4, IL-10, IgM, and IgG were assessed, and 10 patients (5 FRG, 5 PLAG) were randomly selected for detailed immune cell phenotyping and functional analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells using flow cytometry.
Results: Compared to the FRG group, PLAG exhibited an increase of unswitched (p = 0.0159) and decreased double-negative activated B-cells (p = 0.0317), systemic IL-10 levels were lower, displayed reduced frequency of total B-cells, and impaired spontaneous IgM (p = 0.0357) and IgG (p = 0.0079) release in culture. Regarding T-cells, PLAG patients showed a reduction in effector memory CD4 + cells (p = 0.0159) and an increase in CD4 + TEMRA cells (p = 0.0079) following in vitro stimulation. Notably, the PLAG group also exhibited higher frequencies of central memory CD4 + Th2 (GATA3+) T-cells in response to activation than the FRG group (p = 0.0079).
Conclusions: Patients with residual lung abnormalities 12 months post-critical COVID-19 exhibit impaired B-cell function, increased unswitched B-cells, and higher frequencies of CD4 + TEMRA T-cells following in vitro activation. These immune imbalances may contribute to ongoing lung dysfunction and warrant further investigation as a potential mechanism in residual lung abnormalities. Larger studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
Keywords: Antibodies; B cells; CD4 + T cells; Post-acute sequelae COVID-19; Th1/Th2 profile.
. 2025 Jan 18;26(1):22.
doi: 10.1186/s12931-025-03102-2. Altered immune surveillance of B and T cells in patients with persistent residual lung abnormalities 12 months after severe COVID-19
Julio Flores-Gonzalez[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ivette Buendia-Roldan[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Fernanda Téllez-Quijada[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Carlos Peña-Bates[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Lucero A Ramón-Luing[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Armando Castorena-Maldonado[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ramcés Falfán-Valencia[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Gloria Pérez-Rubio[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Moisés Selman[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Leslie Chavez-Galan[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Leslie Chávez-Galán[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 39827348
- DOI: 10.1186/s12931-025-03102-2
Background: Post-COVID-19 respiratory sequelae often involve lung damage, which is called residual lung abnormalities, and potentially lead to chronic respiratory issues. The adaptive immune response, involving T-cells and B-cells, plays a critical role in pathogen control, inflammation, and tissue repair. However, the link between immune dysregulation and the development of residual lung abnormalities remains unclear.
Methods: 109 patients discharged with residual lung abnormalities after a critical COVID-19 were followed for 12 months and divided as full recovery patients (FRG, n = 88) and persistent lung abnormalities (PLAG, n = 21). Cell profiling analysis was done using flow cytometry at 24 h of not antigen-specific in vitro stimulation. Plasma or supernatant levels of IFN-g, IL-4, IL-10, IgM, and IgG were assessed, and 10 patients (5 FRG, 5 PLAG) were randomly selected for detailed immune cell phenotyping and functional analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells using flow cytometry.
Results: Compared to the FRG group, PLAG exhibited an increase of unswitched (p = 0.0159) and decreased double-negative activated B-cells (p = 0.0317), systemic IL-10 levels were lower, displayed reduced frequency of total B-cells, and impaired spontaneous IgM (p = 0.0357) and IgG (p = 0.0079) release in culture. Regarding T-cells, PLAG patients showed a reduction in effector memory CD4 + cells (p = 0.0159) and an increase in CD4 + TEMRA cells (p = 0.0079) following in vitro stimulation. Notably, the PLAG group also exhibited higher frequencies of central memory CD4 + Th2 (GATA3+) T-cells in response to activation than the FRG group (p = 0.0079).
Conclusions: Patients with residual lung abnormalities 12 months post-critical COVID-19 exhibit impaired B-cell function, increased unswitched B-cells, and higher frequencies of CD4 + TEMRA T-cells following in vitro activation. These immune imbalances may contribute to ongoing lung dysfunction and warrant further investigation as a potential mechanism in residual lung abnormalities. Larger studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
Keywords: Antibodies; B cells; CD4 + T cells; Post-acute sequelae COVID-19; Th1/Th2 profile.