tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Vaccine
In Press, Uncorrected Proof - Note to users
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.047 | How to Cite or Link Using DOI
Permissions & Reprints
Respiratory viruses transmission from children to adults within a household
C. Raina MacIntyrea, c, Iman Riddaa, c, Corresponding Author Contact Information, E-mail The Corresponding Author, Holly Sealea, Zhanhai Gaoa, V. Mala Ratnamohanb, Linda Donovanb, Frank Zengb, Dominic E. Dwyerb
a School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia
b Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital and the University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
c National Centre for Immunization Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia
Received 10 August 2011; revised 8 November 2011; Accepted 11 November 2011. Available online 23 November 2011.
Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to examine the rate of transmission of influenza and other respiratory viruses from children attending an Emergency Department to their family members in the household using active surveillance.
Methods
A prospective hospital-based study was conducted over three consecutive winters (2006?2008) in children aged <1?15 years presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI). 168 children with ILI and their healthy families were recruited over three winter seasons.
Results
Respiratory viruses were detected in 101 (60.8%) children with ILI; in 91/166 (54.8%) a single pathogen was detected, and in the remaining 10 children more than one virus was detected concurrently. Influenza was the most common virus detected (34/101), followed by rhinoviruses (22/101) and adenoviruses (14/101). Of influenza viruses, 21/34 were influenza A and 13/34 influenza B. Meeting the clinical definition of ILI did not differentiate between influenza and other viruses. Clinical ILI developed within one week of follow up in 12% (26/205) of the family members who were swabbed. Viral pathogens were detected in 42.3% (11/26) of the symptomatic family members. In 6/11 cases the same virus was detected in the adult and child. The lower estimate of the household risk of transmission of respiratory viruses, based on concordant proven infection in both child and adult, from a single sick child to adult household contacts is therefore 3% per week.
Conclusion
This study provides quantitative, prospective data on rates of household transmission of infection from children to adults.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X11018329
In Press, Uncorrected Proof - Note to users
doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.047 | How to Cite or Link Using DOI
Permissions & Reprints
Respiratory viruses transmission from children to adults within a household
C. Raina MacIntyrea, c, Iman Riddaa, c, Corresponding Author Contact Information, E-mail The Corresponding Author, Holly Sealea, Zhanhai Gaoa, V. Mala Ratnamohanb, Linda Donovanb, Frank Zengb, Dominic E. Dwyerb
a School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia
b Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital and the University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
c National Centre for Immunization Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia
Received 10 August 2011; revised 8 November 2011; Accepted 11 November 2011. Available online 23 November 2011.
Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to examine the rate of transmission of influenza and other respiratory viruses from children attending an Emergency Department to their family members in the household using active surveillance.
Methods
A prospective hospital-based study was conducted over three consecutive winters (2006?2008) in children aged <1?15 years presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI). 168 children with ILI and their healthy families were recruited over three winter seasons.
Results
Respiratory viruses were detected in 101 (60.8%) children with ILI; in 91/166 (54.8%) a single pathogen was detected, and in the remaining 10 children more than one virus was detected concurrently. Influenza was the most common virus detected (34/101), followed by rhinoviruses (22/101) and adenoviruses (14/101). Of influenza viruses, 21/34 were influenza A and 13/34 influenza B. Meeting the clinical definition of ILI did not differentiate between influenza and other viruses. Clinical ILI developed within one week of follow up in 12% (26/205) of the family members who were swabbed. Viral pathogens were detected in 42.3% (11/26) of the symptomatic family members. In 6/11 cases the same virus was detected in the adult and child. The lower estimate of the household risk of transmission of respiratory viruses, based on concordant proven infection in both child and adult, from a single sick child to adult household contacts is therefore 3% per week.
Conclusion
This study provides quantitative, prospective data on rates of household transmission of infection from children to adults.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X11018329