tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Sci Rep
. 2025 Apr 1;15(1):11188.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-95133-4. COVID-19 and neuropathy in type 2 diabetes
Georgios Ponirakis[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ibrahim Al-Janahi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Einas Elgassim[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Aisha Al Obaidan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hoda Gad[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ioannis N Petropoulos[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Adnan Khan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hadeel B Zaghloul[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hamda Ali[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mashhood A Siddique[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Fatima F S Mohamed[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Lina H M Ahmed[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Youssra Dakroury[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Abeer M M El Shewehy[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shaikha N Al-Thani[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Farheen Ahmed[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rawan Hussein[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Salah Mahmoud[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Iuliia Salivon[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Moayad Homssi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Nebras H Hadid[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ateeque Mohamed Ali[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Safah Khan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ziyad R Mahfoud[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mahmoud A Zirie[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Gulfidan Bitirgen[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Yousuf Al-Ansari[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mohammed I Alhatou[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Stephen L Atkin[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Rayaz A Malik[SUP] 6 7 8 9 [/SUP]
Affiliations
This study investigated the risk factors for COVID-19 and its impact on diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Patients with T2D underwent assessments with the NICE post-COVID questionnaire, DN4 questionnaire, vibration perception threshold (VPT), and corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) before and 11.0 ± 8.9 months after developing COVID-19. Of 76 participants with T2D, 35 (46.1%) developed COVID-19, of whom 8 (22.9%) developed severe COVID-19 and 9 (25.7%) developed long-COVID. The development of COVID-19 was associated with lower systolic blood pressure (P < 0.05). The presence and severity of DPN were not associated with developing COVID-19, severe COVID-19, or long-COVID (P = 0.42-0.94). Women were eight times more likely to develop long-COVID (P < 0.05) and elevated body weight, LDL, and VPT were associated with the development of long-COVID (P < 0.05 - 0.01). The long-COVID group exhibited significant changes in triglycerides and LDL (P < 0.05 for both) and body weight (P < 0.01) at follow-up. Their impact on clinical and neuropathy measures was comparable in patients with and without COVID-19 (P = 0.08-0.99). There was a significant reduction in corneal nerve measures (P < 0.05-0.0001) in patients with and without COVID-19. A low systolic blood pressure, altered lipids, body weight, higher VPT, and gender may determine the impact of COVID-19 in patients with T2D, but there was no evidence of an impact of COVID-19 on the development or progression of DPN.
Keywords: COVID-19; Corneal confocal microscopy; Corneal nerve measures; Diabetic peripheral neuropathy; Severe COVID-19; Type 2 diabetes; long-COVID.
. 2025 Apr 1;15(1):11188.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-95133-4. COVID-19 and neuropathy in type 2 diabetes
Georgios Ponirakis[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ibrahim Al-Janahi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Einas Elgassim[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Aisha Al Obaidan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hoda Gad[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ioannis N Petropoulos[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Adnan Khan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hadeel B Zaghloul[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hamda Ali[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mashhood A Siddique[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Fatima F S Mohamed[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Lina H M Ahmed[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Youssra Dakroury[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Abeer M M El Shewehy[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shaikha N Al-Thani[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Farheen Ahmed[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rawan Hussein[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Salah Mahmoud[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Iuliia Salivon[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Moayad Homssi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Nebras H Hadid[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ateeque Mohamed Ali[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Safah Khan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ziyad R Mahfoud[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mahmoud A Zirie[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Gulfidan Bitirgen[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Yousuf Al-Ansari[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mohammed I Alhatou[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Stephen L Atkin[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Rayaz A Malik[SUP] 6 7 8 9 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 40169752
- PMCID: PMC11961607
- DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-95133-4
This study investigated the risk factors for COVID-19 and its impact on diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Patients with T2D underwent assessments with the NICE post-COVID questionnaire, DN4 questionnaire, vibration perception threshold (VPT), and corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) before and 11.0 ± 8.9 months after developing COVID-19. Of 76 participants with T2D, 35 (46.1%) developed COVID-19, of whom 8 (22.9%) developed severe COVID-19 and 9 (25.7%) developed long-COVID. The development of COVID-19 was associated with lower systolic blood pressure (P < 0.05). The presence and severity of DPN were not associated with developing COVID-19, severe COVID-19, or long-COVID (P = 0.42-0.94). Women were eight times more likely to develop long-COVID (P < 0.05) and elevated body weight, LDL, and VPT were associated with the development of long-COVID (P < 0.05 - 0.01). The long-COVID group exhibited significant changes in triglycerides and LDL (P < 0.05 for both) and body weight (P < 0.01) at follow-up. Their impact on clinical and neuropathy measures was comparable in patients with and without COVID-19 (P = 0.08-0.99). There was a significant reduction in corneal nerve measures (P < 0.05-0.0001) in patients with and without COVID-19. A low systolic blood pressure, altered lipids, body weight, higher VPT, and gender may determine the impact of COVID-19 in patients with T2D, but there was no evidence of an impact of COVID-19 on the development or progression of DPN.
Keywords: COVID-19; Corneal confocal microscopy; Corneal nerve measures; Diabetic peripheral neuropathy; Severe COVID-19; Type 2 diabetes; long-COVID.