tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Clin Virol. 2015 Jun;67:78-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.04.009. Epub 2015 Apr 9.
[h=1]Serological evidence of equine influenza infections among persons with horse exposure, Iowa.[/h] Larson KR[SUP]1[/SUP], Heil GL[SUP]2[/SUP], Chambers TM[SUP]3[/SUP], Capuano A[SUP]4[/SUP], White SK[SUP]2[/SUP], Gray GC[SUP]5[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] [h=4]BACKGROUND:[/h] Equine influenza virus (EIV) is considered enzootic in North America and experimental studies have documented human EIV infections.
[h=4]STUDY DESIGN:[/h] This cross-sectional study examined 94 horse-exposed and 34 non-exposed controls for serological evidence of EIV infection. Sera were evaluated for antibodies against three EIV and two human H3N2 viruses using microneutralization (MN), neuraminidase inhibition (NI), enzyme-linked lectin (ELLA), and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) serological assays. Risk factor analyses were conducted using logistic regression and proportional odds modeling.
[h=4]RESULTS:[/h] There was evidence of previous infection by MN assay against A/equine/Ohio/2003(H3N8) but not the other 2 EIVs. Eleven (11.7%, maximum titer 1:320) horse-exposed and 2 (5.9%, maximum titer 1:160) control subjects had MN titers ≥1:80. Among the horse-exposed, 18 (19.1%) were positive by NI assay and 8 (8.5%) had elevated ELLA titers ≥1:10. Logistic regression modeling among horse-exposed revealed that having an elevated MN or ELLA titer (≤1:10) was associated with having a positive NI titer (OR=4.9; 95% CI=1.3-18.7, and OR=53.2; 95% CI=5.9-478.5, respectively). Upon proportional odds modeling, having worked as an equine veterinarian (OR=14.0; 95% CI=2.6-75.9), having a history of smoking (OR=3.1; 95% CI=1.2-7.7), and receipt of seasonal influenza vaccine between 2000 and 2005 (OR=2.3; 95% CI=1.1-5.0) were important independent risk factors for elevations in MN assay.
[h=4]CONCLUSIONS:[/h] While we cannot rule out confounding exposures, these data support the premise that occupational exposure to EIV may lead to human infection.
Copyright ? 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] Equine influenza virus; H3N8 subtype; Occupational exposure; Seroepidemiologic study; Veterinarians
PMID: 25959164 [PubMed - in process]
[h=1]Serological evidence of equine influenza infections among persons with horse exposure, Iowa.[/h] Larson KR[SUP]1[/SUP], Heil GL[SUP]2[/SUP], Chambers TM[SUP]3[/SUP], Capuano A[SUP]4[/SUP], White SK[SUP]2[/SUP], Gray GC[SUP]5[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] [h=4]BACKGROUND:[/h] Equine influenza virus (EIV) is considered enzootic in North America and experimental studies have documented human EIV infections.
[h=4]STUDY DESIGN:[/h] This cross-sectional study examined 94 horse-exposed and 34 non-exposed controls for serological evidence of EIV infection. Sera were evaluated for antibodies against three EIV and two human H3N2 viruses using microneutralization (MN), neuraminidase inhibition (NI), enzyme-linked lectin (ELLA), and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) serological assays. Risk factor analyses were conducted using logistic regression and proportional odds modeling.
[h=4]RESULTS:[/h] There was evidence of previous infection by MN assay against A/equine/Ohio/2003(H3N8) but not the other 2 EIVs. Eleven (11.7%, maximum titer 1:320) horse-exposed and 2 (5.9%, maximum titer 1:160) control subjects had MN titers ≥1:80. Among the horse-exposed, 18 (19.1%) were positive by NI assay and 8 (8.5%) had elevated ELLA titers ≥1:10. Logistic regression modeling among horse-exposed revealed that having an elevated MN or ELLA titer (≤1:10) was associated with having a positive NI titer (OR=4.9; 95% CI=1.3-18.7, and OR=53.2; 95% CI=5.9-478.5, respectively). Upon proportional odds modeling, having worked as an equine veterinarian (OR=14.0; 95% CI=2.6-75.9), having a history of smoking (OR=3.1; 95% CI=1.2-7.7), and receipt of seasonal influenza vaccine between 2000 and 2005 (OR=2.3; 95% CI=1.1-5.0) were important independent risk factors for elevations in MN assay.
[h=4]CONCLUSIONS:[/h] While we cannot rule out confounding exposures, these data support the premise that occupational exposure to EIV may lead to human infection.
Copyright ? 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] Equine influenza virus; H3N8 subtype; Occupational exposure; Seroepidemiologic study; Veterinarians
PMID: 25959164 [PubMed - in process]