tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Toxins (Basel). 2019 Dec 17;11(12). pii: E734. doi: 10.3390/toxins11120734. [h=1]Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia: Preceding Influenza Infection Paves the Way for Low-Virulent Strains.[/h]
Deinhardt-Emmer S[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]2[/SUP], Haupt KF[SUP]2[/SUP], Garcia-Moreno M[SUP]1[/SUP], Geraci J[SUP]1[/SUP], Forstner C[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]4[/SUP], Pletz M[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]5[/SUP], Ehrhardt C[SUP]2[/SUP], L?ffler B[SUP]1[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h] 1 Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany. 2 Section of Experimental Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Hans-Kn?ll-Str. 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany. 3 Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany. 4 Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. 5 CAPNETZ Stiftung, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
[h=3]Abstract[/h] Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative pathogenic bacterium that colonizes the nasopharyngeal area of healthy individuals, but can also induce severe infection, such as pneumonia. Pneumonia caused by mono- or superinfected S. aureus leads to high mortality rates. To establish an infection, S. aureus disposes of a wide variety of virulence factors, which can vary between clinical isolates. Our study aimed to characterize pneumonia isolates for their virulent capacity. For this, we analyzed isolates from colonization, pneumonia due to S. aureus, and pneumonia due to S. aureus/influenza virus co-infection. A total of 70 strains were analyzed for their virulence genes and the host-pathogen interaction was analyzed through functional assays in cell culture systems. Strains from pneumonia due to S. aureus mono-infection showed enhanced invasion and cytotoxicity against professional phagocytes than colonizing and co-infecting strains. This corresponded to the high presence of cytotoxic components in pneumonia strains. By contrast, strains obtained from co-infection did not exhibit these virulence characteristics and resembled strains from colonization, although they caused the highest mortality rate in patients. Taken together, our results underline the requirement of invasion and toxins to cause pneumonia due to S. aureus mono-infection, whereas in co-infection even low-virulent strains can severely aggravate pneumonia.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] Staphylococcus aureus; influenza virus; pneumonia
PMID: 31861176 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11120734
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Deinhardt-Emmer S[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]2[/SUP], Haupt KF[SUP]2[/SUP], Garcia-Moreno M[SUP]1[/SUP], Geraci J[SUP]1[/SUP], Forstner C[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]4[/SUP], Pletz M[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]5[/SUP], Ehrhardt C[SUP]2[/SUP], L?ffler B[SUP]1[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h] 1 Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany. 2 Section of Experimental Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Hans-Kn?ll-Str. 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany. 3 Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany. 4 Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. 5 CAPNETZ Stiftung, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
[h=3]Abstract[/h] Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative pathogenic bacterium that colonizes the nasopharyngeal area of healthy individuals, but can also induce severe infection, such as pneumonia. Pneumonia caused by mono- or superinfected S. aureus leads to high mortality rates. To establish an infection, S. aureus disposes of a wide variety of virulence factors, which can vary between clinical isolates. Our study aimed to characterize pneumonia isolates for their virulent capacity. For this, we analyzed isolates from colonization, pneumonia due to S. aureus, and pneumonia due to S. aureus/influenza virus co-infection. A total of 70 strains were analyzed for their virulence genes and the host-pathogen interaction was analyzed through functional assays in cell culture systems. Strains from pneumonia due to S. aureus mono-infection showed enhanced invasion and cytotoxicity against professional phagocytes than colonizing and co-infecting strains. This corresponded to the high presence of cytotoxic components in pneumonia strains. By contrast, strains obtained from co-infection did not exhibit these virulence characteristics and resembled strains from colonization, although they caused the highest mortality rate in patients. Taken together, our results underline the requirement of invasion and toxins to cause pneumonia due to S. aureus mono-infection, whereas in co-infection even low-virulent strains can severely aggravate pneumonia.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] Staphylococcus aureus; influenza virus; pneumonia
PMID: 31861176 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11120734
Free full text