tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2017 Dec 6. doi: 10.1111/irv.12529. [Epub ahead of print]
[h=1]The Effects of the Attributable Fraction and the Duration of Symptoms on Burden Estimates of Influenza-Associated Respiratory Illnesses in a High HIV-Prevalence Setting, South Africa, 2013-2015.[/h] Tempia S[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]2,[/SUP][SUP]3[/SUP], Walaza S[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]4[/SUP], Moyes J[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]4[/SUP], Cohen AL[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]5[/SUP], von Mollendorf C[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]4[/SUP], McMorrow ML[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]2[/SUP], Mhlanga S[SUP]3[/SUP], Treurnicht FK[SUP]3[/SUP], Venter M[SUP]6[/SUP], Pretorius M[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]6,[/SUP][SUP]7[/SUP], Hellferscee O[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]8[/SUP], Wolter N[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]8[/SUP], von Gottberg A[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]8[/SUP], Nguweneza A[SUP]3[/SUP], McAnerney JM[SUP]3[/SUP], Dawood H[SUP]9,[/SUP][SUP]10[/SUP], Variava E[SUP]11,[/SUP][SUP]12,[/SUP][SUP]13[/SUP], Madhi SA[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]14,[/SUP][SUP]15[/SUP], Cohen C[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]4[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] [h=4]BACKGROUND:[/h] The attributable fraction of influenza virus detection to illness (INF-AF) and the duration of symptoms as a surveillance inclusion criterion could potentially have substantial effects on influenza disease burden estimates.
[h=4]METHODS:[/h] We estimated rates of influenza-associated influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute (SARI-10) or chronic (SCRI-10) respiratory illness (using a symptom duration cut-off of ≤10 days) among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients attending 3 hospitals and 2 affiliated clinics in South Africa during 2013-2015. We calculated the unadjusted and INF-AF adjusted rates and relative risk (RR) due to HIV infection. Rates were expressed per 100 000 population.
[h=4]RESULTS:[/h] The estimated mean annual unadjusted rates of influenza-associated illness were 1467.7, 50.3 and 27.4 among patients with ILI, SARI-10 and SCRI-10, respectively. After adjusting for the INF-AF the percent reduction of the estimated rates was 8.9% (rate: 1336.9), 11.0% (rate: 44.8) and 16.3% (rate: 22.9) among patients with ILI, SARI-10 and SCRI-10, respectively. HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected individuals experienced a 2.3 (95% CI: 2.2-2.4), 9.7 (95% CI: 8.0-11.8) and 10.0 (95% CI: 7.9-12.7) fold increased risk of influenza-associated illness among patients with ILI, SARI-10 and SCRI-10, respectively. Overall 34% of the estimated influenza-associated hospitalizations had symptom duration of >10 days; 8% and 44% among individuals aged <5 and ≥5 years, respectively.
[h=4]CONCLUSION:[/h] The marginal differences between unadjusted and INF-AF adjusted rates are unlikely to affect policies on prioritization of interventions. HIV-infected individuals experienced an increased risk of influenza-associated illness and may benefit more from annual influenza immunization. The use of a symptom duration cut-off of ≤10 days may underestimate influenza-associated disease burden, especially in older individuals. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] HIV ; Attributable Fraction; Influenza; Influenza-Like Illness; Rates; Severe Respiratory Illness; South Africa; Symptom Duration
PMID: 29210203 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12529
Free full text
[h=1]The Effects of the Attributable Fraction and the Duration of Symptoms on Burden Estimates of Influenza-Associated Respiratory Illnesses in a High HIV-Prevalence Setting, South Africa, 2013-2015.[/h] Tempia S[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]2,[/SUP][SUP]3[/SUP], Walaza S[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]4[/SUP], Moyes J[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]4[/SUP], Cohen AL[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]5[/SUP], von Mollendorf C[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]4[/SUP], McMorrow ML[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]2[/SUP], Mhlanga S[SUP]3[/SUP], Treurnicht FK[SUP]3[/SUP], Venter M[SUP]6[/SUP], Pretorius M[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]6,[/SUP][SUP]7[/SUP], Hellferscee O[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]8[/SUP], Wolter N[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]8[/SUP], von Gottberg A[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]8[/SUP], Nguweneza A[SUP]3[/SUP], McAnerney JM[SUP]3[/SUP], Dawood H[SUP]9,[/SUP][SUP]10[/SUP], Variava E[SUP]11,[/SUP][SUP]12,[/SUP][SUP]13[/SUP], Madhi SA[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]14,[/SUP][SUP]15[/SUP], Cohen C[SUP]3,[/SUP][SUP]4[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] [h=4]BACKGROUND:[/h] The attributable fraction of influenza virus detection to illness (INF-AF) and the duration of symptoms as a surveillance inclusion criterion could potentially have substantial effects on influenza disease burden estimates.
[h=4]METHODS:[/h] We estimated rates of influenza-associated influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute (SARI-10) or chronic (SCRI-10) respiratory illness (using a symptom duration cut-off of ≤10 days) among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients attending 3 hospitals and 2 affiliated clinics in South Africa during 2013-2015. We calculated the unadjusted and INF-AF adjusted rates and relative risk (RR) due to HIV infection. Rates were expressed per 100 000 population.
[h=4]RESULTS:[/h] The estimated mean annual unadjusted rates of influenza-associated illness were 1467.7, 50.3 and 27.4 among patients with ILI, SARI-10 and SCRI-10, respectively. After adjusting for the INF-AF the percent reduction of the estimated rates was 8.9% (rate: 1336.9), 11.0% (rate: 44.8) and 16.3% (rate: 22.9) among patients with ILI, SARI-10 and SCRI-10, respectively. HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected individuals experienced a 2.3 (95% CI: 2.2-2.4), 9.7 (95% CI: 8.0-11.8) and 10.0 (95% CI: 7.9-12.7) fold increased risk of influenza-associated illness among patients with ILI, SARI-10 and SCRI-10, respectively. Overall 34% of the estimated influenza-associated hospitalizations had symptom duration of >10 days; 8% and 44% among individuals aged <5 and ≥5 years, respectively.
[h=4]CONCLUSION:[/h] The marginal differences between unadjusted and INF-AF adjusted rates are unlikely to affect policies on prioritization of interventions. HIV-infected individuals experienced an increased risk of influenza-associated illness and may benefit more from annual influenza immunization. The use of a symptom duration cut-off of ≤10 days may underestimate influenza-associated disease burden, especially in older individuals. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] HIV ; Attributable Fraction; Influenza; Influenza-Like Illness; Rates; Severe Respiratory Illness; South Africa; Symptom Duration
PMID: 29210203 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12529
Free full text