tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg
. 2024 Nov 4:trae082.
doi: 10.1093/trstmh/trae082. Online ahead of print. How well do different COVID-19 vaccines protect against different viral variants? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Thi Ngoc Anh Hoang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Aisling Byrne[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ha-Linh Quach[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Melanie Bannister-Tyrrell[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Florian Vogt[SUP] 2 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
While the efficacy of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines has been evaluated in numerous trials, comprehensive evidence on how protection by different vaccines has varied over time remains limited. We aimed to compare protective effects of different vaccines against different viral variants. To achieve this, we searched Medline, Cochrane Library and Embase for randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. Forest plots using Mantel-Haenszel and random-effects models were generated showing risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs by vaccines and variants. We included 36 studies with 90 variant-specific primary outcomes. We found a RR of 0.26 (95% CI 0.21 to 0.31) against all variants overall, with the highest protective effects against the wild-type (RR 0.13; 95% CI 0.10 to 0.18), followed by Alpha (RR 0.26; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.36), Gamma (RR 0.34; 95% CI 0.21 to 0.55), Delta (RR 0.39; 95% CI 0.28 to 0.56) and Beta (RR 0.49; 95% CI 0.40 to 0.62) variants. Nucleic acid vaccines showed the highest protection levels against all variants (RR 0.11; 95% CI 0.08 to 0.15), followed by protein subunit, inactivated virus and viral vector. In conclusion, we found high but heterogenous levels of protection for most COVID-19 vaccines, with decreasing protective effects for vaccines based on traditional technologies as SARS-CoV-2 variants emerged over time. Novel nucleic acid-based vaccines offered substantially higher and more consistent protection.
Keywords: COVID-19 vaccine efficacy; meta-analysis; systematic review; viral variants.
. 2024 Nov 4:trae082.
doi: 10.1093/trstmh/trae082. Online ahead of print. How well do different COVID-19 vaccines protect against different viral variants? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Thi Ngoc Anh Hoang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Aisling Byrne[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ha-Linh Quach[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Melanie Bannister-Tyrrell[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Florian Vogt[SUP] 2 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 39495246
- DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trae082
While the efficacy of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines has been evaluated in numerous trials, comprehensive evidence on how protection by different vaccines has varied over time remains limited. We aimed to compare protective effects of different vaccines against different viral variants. To achieve this, we searched Medline, Cochrane Library and Embase for randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. Forest plots using Mantel-Haenszel and random-effects models were generated showing risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs by vaccines and variants. We included 36 studies with 90 variant-specific primary outcomes. We found a RR of 0.26 (95% CI 0.21 to 0.31) against all variants overall, with the highest protective effects against the wild-type (RR 0.13; 95% CI 0.10 to 0.18), followed by Alpha (RR 0.26; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.36), Gamma (RR 0.34; 95% CI 0.21 to 0.55), Delta (RR 0.39; 95% CI 0.28 to 0.56) and Beta (RR 0.49; 95% CI 0.40 to 0.62) variants. Nucleic acid vaccines showed the highest protection levels against all variants (RR 0.11; 95% CI 0.08 to 0.15), followed by protein subunit, inactivated virus and viral vector. In conclusion, we found high but heterogenous levels of protection for most COVID-19 vaccines, with decreasing protective effects for vaccines based on traditional technologies as SARS-CoV-2 variants emerged over time. Novel nucleic acid-based vaccines offered substantially higher and more consistent protection.
Keywords: COVID-19 vaccine efficacy; meta-analysis; systematic review; viral variants.