tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Transbound Emerg Dis
. 2021 Oct 25.
doi: 10.1111/tbed.14356. Online ahead of print.
Transmission dynamics and susceptibility patterns of SARS-CoV-2 in domestic, farmed, and wild animals: Sustainable One health surveillance for conservation and public health to prevent future epidemics and pandemics
Ariful Islam[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Jinnat Ferdous[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Shariful Islam[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Md Abu Sayeed[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Md Kaisar Rahman[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Otun Saha[SUP] 1 3 4 [/SUP], Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Tahmina Shirin[SUP] 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
The exact origin of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and source of introduction into humans has not been established yet, though it might be originated from animals. Therefore, we conducted a literature review to understand the putative reservoirs, transmission dynamics, and susceptibility patterns of SARS-CoV-2 in animals. Rhinolophus bats are presumed to be natural progenitors of SARS-CoV-2 related viruses. Initially, pangolin was thought to be the source of spillover to humans, but they might be infected by human or other animal species. So, the virus spillover pathways to humans remain unknown. Human-to-animal transmission has been testified in pet, farmed, zoo, and free-ranging wild animals. Infected animals can transmit the virus to other animals in natural settings like mink-to-mink, and mink-to-cat transmission. Animal-to-human transmission is not a persistent pathway, while mink-to-human transmission continues to be illuminated. Multiple companions and captive wild animals were infected by an emerging alpha variant of concern (B.1.1.7 lineage) whereas Asiatic lions were infected by delta variant, (B.1.617.2). To date, multiple animal species- cat, ferrets, non-human primates, hamsters, and bats, showed high susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in the experimental condition, while swine, poultry, cattle showed no susceptibility. The founding of SARS-CoV-2 in wild animal reservoirs can confront the control of the virus in humans and might carry a risk to the welfare and conservation of wildlife as well. We suggest vaccinating pets and captive animals to stop spillovers and spillback events. We recommend sustainable one health surveillance at the animal-human-environmental interface to detect and prevent future epidemics and pandemics by Disease X. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Alpha variant; COVID-19; Rhinolophus bats; delta variant; horseshoe bat; mink; pangolin.
. 2021 Oct 25.
doi: 10.1111/tbed.14356. Online ahead of print.
Transmission dynamics and susceptibility patterns of SARS-CoV-2 in domestic, farmed, and wild animals: Sustainable One health surveillance for conservation and public health to prevent future epidemics and pandemics
Ariful Islam[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Jinnat Ferdous[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Shariful Islam[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Md Abu Sayeed[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Md Kaisar Rahman[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Otun Saha[SUP] 1 3 4 [/SUP], Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Tahmina Shirin[SUP] 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34694705
- DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14356
Abstract
The exact origin of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and source of introduction into humans has not been established yet, though it might be originated from animals. Therefore, we conducted a literature review to understand the putative reservoirs, transmission dynamics, and susceptibility patterns of SARS-CoV-2 in animals. Rhinolophus bats are presumed to be natural progenitors of SARS-CoV-2 related viruses. Initially, pangolin was thought to be the source of spillover to humans, but they might be infected by human or other animal species. So, the virus spillover pathways to humans remain unknown. Human-to-animal transmission has been testified in pet, farmed, zoo, and free-ranging wild animals. Infected animals can transmit the virus to other animals in natural settings like mink-to-mink, and mink-to-cat transmission. Animal-to-human transmission is not a persistent pathway, while mink-to-human transmission continues to be illuminated. Multiple companions and captive wild animals were infected by an emerging alpha variant of concern (B.1.1.7 lineage) whereas Asiatic lions were infected by delta variant, (B.1.617.2). To date, multiple animal species- cat, ferrets, non-human primates, hamsters, and bats, showed high susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in the experimental condition, while swine, poultry, cattle showed no susceptibility. The founding of SARS-CoV-2 in wild animal reservoirs can confront the control of the virus in humans and might carry a risk to the welfare and conservation of wildlife as well. We suggest vaccinating pets and captive animals to stop spillovers and spillback events. We recommend sustainable one health surveillance at the animal-human-environmental interface to detect and prevent future epidemics and pandemics by Disease X. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Alpha variant; COVID-19; Rhinolophus bats; delta variant; horseshoe bat; mink; pangolin.