tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Vaccine
. 2024 Aug 22;42(23):126241.
doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126241. Online ahead of print. Effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccine in children during the 2023/24 season: The first season after relaxation of intensive COVID-19 measures
Masayoshi Shinjoh[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mizuki Yaginuma[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Yoshio Yamaguchi[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Kazuyo Tamura[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Munehiro Furuichi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Yuki Tsumura[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Ryo Itaki[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Asef Iqbal[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Naonori Maeda[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Atsushi Narabayashi[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Akinobu Kamei[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Akimichi Shibata[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Go Yamada[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Mitsuhiro Nishida[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Tsunematsu Kenichiro[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Michiko Chiga[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Motoko Shimoyamada[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Makoto Yoshida[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Naoya Fukushima[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Yuji Nakata[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Hiroyuki Fukushima[SUP] 17 [/SUP], Chiharu Kawakami[SUP] 18 [/SUP], Satoshi Narumi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Norio Sugaya[SUP] 19 [/SUP]; Keio Pediatric Influenza Research Group
Affiliations
Background: The annual administration of the influenza vaccine is the most effective method for preventing influenza. We have evaluated the effectiveness of the inactivated influenza vaccine in children aged 6 months to 15 years across the seasons from 2013/2014 to 2022/2023. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the inactivated influenza vaccine in the 2023/2024 season, the first year following the easing of strict COVID-19 measures, and possibly the last season when only the inactivated vaccine is available on the market.
Methods: Adjusted vaccine effectiveness for the 2023/2024 season was assessed using a test-negative case-control design, with results based on polymerase chain reaction and rapid influenza diagnostic tests. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated by influenza type and patient hospitalization/outpatient status.
Results: A total of 1832 children were recruited. The inactivated influenza vaccine was effective in preventing both symptomatic influenza A and B in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Overall vaccine effectiveness for influenza A was 51% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23%-69%, n = 930) in inpatient settings and 54% (95%CI, 27%-71%, n = 559) in outpatient settings. For influenza B, effectiveness was 60% (95%CI, 22%-79%, n = 859) in inpatient settings and 56% (95%CI, 26%-74%, n = 558) in outpatient settings. Analysis suggested that administering two doses enhanced effectiveness specifically against influenza B.
Conclusions: This is the first study to demonstrate influenza vaccine effectiveness in children after the relaxation of strict COVID-19 measures in Japan (2023/2024). We recommend the current inactivated vaccine for preventing both influenza A and B in children, with consideration for the potential use of two doses to enhance effectiveness against influenza B.
Keywords: Children; Inactivated vaccine; Influenza; Test-negative design; Vaccine; Vaccine effectiveness.
. 2024 Aug 22;42(23):126241.
doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126241. Online ahead of print. Effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccine in children during the 2023/24 season: The first season after relaxation of intensive COVID-19 measures
Masayoshi Shinjoh[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mizuki Yaginuma[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Yoshio Yamaguchi[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Kazuyo Tamura[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Munehiro Furuichi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Yuki Tsumura[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Ryo Itaki[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Asef Iqbal[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Naonori Maeda[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Atsushi Narabayashi[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Akinobu Kamei[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Akimichi Shibata[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Go Yamada[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Mitsuhiro Nishida[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Tsunematsu Kenichiro[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Michiko Chiga[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Motoko Shimoyamada[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Makoto Yoshida[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Naoya Fukushima[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Yuji Nakata[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Hiroyuki Fukushima[SUP] 17 [/SUP], Chiharu Kawakami[SUP] 18 [/SUP], Satoshi Narumi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Norio Sugaya[SUP] 19 [/SUP]; Keio Pediatric Influenza Research Group
Affiliations
- PMID: 39178768
- DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126241
Background: The annual administration of the influenza vaccine is the most effective method for preventing influenza. We have evaluated the effectiveness of the inactivated influenza vaccine in children aged 6 months to 15 years across the seasons from 2013/2014 to 2022/2023. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the inactivated influenza vaccine in the 2023/2024 season, the first year following the easing of strict COVID-19 measures, and possibly the last season when only the inactivated vaccine is available on the market.
Methods: Adjusted vaccine effectiveness for the 2023/2024 season was assessed using a test-negative case-control design, with results based on polymerase chain reaction and rapid influenza diagnostic tests. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated by influenza type and patient hospitalization/outpatient status.
Results: A total of 1832 children were recruited. The inactivated influenza vaccine was effective in preventing both symptomatic influenza A and B in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Overall vaccine effectiveness for influenza A was 51% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23%-69%, n = 930) in inpatient settings and 54% (95%CI, 27%-71%, n = 559) in outpatient settings. For influenza B, effectiveness was 60% (95%CI, 22%-79%, n = 859) in inpatient settings and 56% (95%CI, 26%-74%, n = 558) in outpatient settings. Analysis suggested that administering two doses enhanced effectiveness specifically against influenza B.
Conclusions: This is the first study to demonstrate influenza vaccine effectiveness in children after the relaxation of strict COVID-19 measures in Japan (2023/2024). We recommend the current inactivated vaccine for preventing both influenza A and B in children, with consideration for the potential use of two doses to enhance effectiveness against influenza B.
Keywords: Children; Inactivated vaccine; Influenza; Test-negative design; Vaccine; Vaccine effectiveness.