tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Vaccine
. 2026 Sep 3:92:129098.
doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129098. Online ahead of print.
Angela K Shen 1 , Cara Tupps 2 , Silvia Bino 3 , Musole Chipoya 4 , Lia Jabidze 5 , Ani Janashia 5 , Milko Joksimovic 6 , Verica Jovanovic 7 , Nizar Maswadi 8 , Sanjin Musa 9 , Dinagul Otorbaeva 10 , Kristina Stavridis 11 , Chankham Tengbriacheu 12 , Valeri Tzekov 13 , Branka Velichkovska Teneva 14 , Dahbi Zahra 15 , Cheten Zangmo 16 , Rakhat Akmatova 2 , Amanda Edwards 2 , Margaux M I Meslé 2 , Stefano Tempia 2 , Joseph S Bresee 2
Affiliations
Low- and middle-income countries with seasonal influenza immunization programs, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic were able to deliver vaccines faster and achieve, higher coverage compared to countries without such capabilities. Middle Income, (lower- and upper-) countries participating in the Partnership for International Vaccine, Initiatives (PIVI) described influenza processes and systems that contributed to more, efficient and effective COVID-19 mass vaccination campaigns because of existing, capacities. Some routine systems were easy to pivot while others required, modifications to address the need for speed and volume when responding to the, COVID-19 pandemic. While annual influenza programs are a natural "warm base" (i.e., keeping operations such as staffing and supply chains operating at a minimum sustainable level during non-crisis periods) for honing emergency response readiness in vaccination, investments in areas more specific to pandemic preparedness remain a need. Regional variations in readiness and opportunities for cooperation should also be explored.
Keywords: Emergency preparedness; LMIC (low- and middle- income countries); PPPR (Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness, and Response); Pandemic influenza; Policy; Readiness; Routine immunization; Season influenza; Vaccine.
. 2026 Sep 3:92:129098.
doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129098. Online ahead of print.
Investments in seasonal influenza vaccination programs pack a punch for pandemic preparedness
Angela K Shen 1 , Cara Tupps 2 , Silvia Bino 3 , Musole Chipoya 4 , Lia Jabidze 5 , Ani Janashia 5 , Milko Joksimovic 6 , Verica Jovanovic 7 , Nizar Maswadi 8 , Sanjin Musa 9 , Dinagul Otorbaeva 10 , Kristina Stavridis 11 , Chankham Tengbriacheu 12 , Valeri Tzekov 13 , Branka Velichkovska Teneva 14 , Dahbi Zahra 15 , Cheten Zangmo 16 , Rakhat Akmatova 2 , Amanda Edwards 2 , Margaux M I Meslé 2 , Stefano Tempia 2 , Joseph S Bresee 2
Affiliations
- PMID: 42691820
- DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129098
Abstract
Low- and middle-income countries with seasonal influenza immunization programs, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic were able to deliver vaccines faster and achieve, higher coverage compared to countries without such capabilities. Middle Income, (lower- and upper-) countries participating in the Partnership for International Vaccine, Initiatives (PIVI) described influenza processes and systems that contributed to more, efficient and effective COVID-19 mass vaccination campaigns because of existing, capacities. Some routine systems were easy to pivot while others required, modifications to address the need for speed and volume when responding to the, COVID-19 pandemic. While annual influenza programs are a natural "warm base" (i.e., keeping operations such as staffing and supply chains operating at a minimum sustainable level during non-crisis periods) for honing emergency response readiness in vaccination, investments in areas more specific to pandemic preparedness remain a need. Regional variations in readiness and opportunities for cooperation should also be explored.
Keywords: Emergency preparedness; LMIC (low- and middle- income countries); PPPR (Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness, and Response); Pandemic influenza; Policy; Readiness; Routine immunization; Season influenza; Vaccine.