tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Viruses. 2019 Aug 19;11(8). pii: E762. doi: 10.3390/v11080762.
[h=1]Viruses and Autoimmunity: A Review on the Potential Interaction and Molecular Mechanisms.[/h] Smatti MK[SUP]1[/SUP], Cyprian FS[SUP]2[/SUP], Nasrallah GK[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]3[/SUP], Al Thani AA[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]3[/SUP], Almishal RO[SUP]2[/SUP], Yassine HM[SUP]4,[/SUP][SUP]5[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h] 1 Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar. 2 Basic Medical Science Department, College of Medicine-QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar. 3 Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science-QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar. 4 Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar. Hyassine@qu.edu.qa. 5 Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science-QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar. Hyassine@qu.edu.qa.
[h=3]Abstract[/h] For a long time, viruses have been shown to modify the clinical picture of several autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sj?gren's syndrome (SS), herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK), celiac disease (CD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Best examples of viral infections that have been proposed to modulate the induction and development of autoimmune diseases are the infections with enteric viruses such as Coxsackie B virus (CVB) and rotavirus, as well as influenza A viruses (IAV), and herpesviruses. Other viruses that have been studied in this context include, measles, mumps, and rubella. Epidemiological studies in humans and experimental studies in animal have shown that viral infections can induce or protect from autoimmunopathologies depending on several factors including genetic background, host-elicited immune responses, type of virus strain, viral load, and the onset time of infection. Still, data delineating the clear mechanistic interaction between the virus and the immune system to induce autoreactivity are scarce. Available data indicate that viral-induced autoimmunity can be activated through multiple mechanisms including molecular mimicry, epitope spreading, bystander activation, and immortalization of infected B cells. Contrarily, the protective effects can be achieved via regulatory immune responses which lead to the suppression of autoimmune phenomena. Therefore, a better understanding of the immune-related molecular processes in virus-induced autoimmunity is warranted. Here we provide an overview of the current understanding of viral-induced autoimmunity and the mechanisms that are associated with this phenomenon.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] autoimmunity; molecular mechanisms; molecular mimicry; viral infections
PMID: 31430946 DOI: 10.3390/v11080762
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[h=1]Viruses and Autoimmunity: A Review on the Potential Interaction and Molecular Mechanisms.[/h] Smatti MK[SUP]1[/SUP], Cyprian FS[SUP]2[/SUP], Nasrallah GK[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]3[/SUP], Al Thani AA[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]3[/SUP], Almishal RO[SUP]2[/SUP], Yassine HM[SUP]4,[/SUP][SUP]5[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h] 1 Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar. 2 Basic Medical Science Department, College of Medicine-QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar. 3 Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science-QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar. 4 Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar. Hyassine@qu.edu.qa. 5 Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science-QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar. Hyassine@qu.edu.qa.
[h=3]Abstract[/h] For a long time, viruses have been shown to modify the clinical picture of several autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sj?gren's syndrome (SS), herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK), celiac disease (CD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Best examples of viral infections that have been proposed to modulate the induction and development of autoimmune diseases are the infections with enteric viruses such as Coxsackie B virus (CVB) and rotavirus, as well as influenza A viruses (IAV), and herpesviruses. Other viruses that have been studied in this context include, measles, mumps, and rubella. Epidemiological studies in humans and experimental studies in animal have shown that viral infections can induce or protect from autoimmunopathologies depending on several factors including genetic background, host-elicited immune responses, type of virus strain, viral load, and the onset time of infection. Still, data delineating the clear mechanistic interaction between the virus and the immune system to induce autoreactivity are scarce. Available data indicate that viral-induced autoimmunity can be activated through multiple mechanisms including molecular mimicry, epitope spreading, bystander activation, and immortalization of infected B cells. Contrarily, the protective effects can be achieved via regulatory immune responses which lead to the suppression of autoimmune phenomena. Therefore, a better understanding of the immune-related molecular processes in virus-induced autoimmunity is warranted. Here we provide an overview of the current understanding of viral-induced autoimmunity and the mechanisms that are associated with this phenomenon.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] autoimmunity; molecular mechanisms; molecular mimicry; viral infections
PMID: 31430946 DOI: 10.3390/v11080762
Free full text