tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Viruses
. 2022 Jan 4;14(1):85.
doi: 10.3390/v14010085.
Evaluation of Clinical and Immune Responses in Recovered Children with Mild COVID-19
Xiaodong Tian[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Zhihua Bai[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Ying Cao[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Haizhou Liu[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Di Liu[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Wenjun Liu[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Jing Li[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally and variants continue to emerge, with children are accounting for a growing share of COVID-19 cases. However, the establishment of immune memory and the long-term health consequences in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic children after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection are not fully understood. We collected clinical data and whole blood samples from discharged children for 6-8 months after symptom onset among 0-to-14-year-old children. Representative inflammation signs returned to normal in all age ranges. The infants and young children (0-4 years old) had lung lesions that persisted for 6-8 months and were less responsive for antigen-specific IgG secretion. In the 5-to-14-year-old group, lung imaging abnormalities gradually recovered, and the IgG-specific antibody response was strongest. In addition, we found a robust IgM[SUP]+[/SUP] memory B cell response in all age. Memory T cells specific for the spike or nucleocapsid protein were generated, with no significant difference in IFN-γ response among all ages. Our study highlights that although lung lesions caused by COVID-19 can last for at least 6-8 months in infants and young children, most children have detectable residual neutralizing antibodies and specific cellular immune responses at this stage.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; clinical; immune responses; mild COVID-19; recovered children.
. 2022 Jan 4;14(1):85.
doi: 10.3390/v14010085.
Evaluation of Clinical and Immune Responses in Recovered Children with Mild COVID-19
Xiaodong Tian[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Zhihua Bai[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Ying Cao[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Haizhou Liu[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Di Liu[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Wenjun Liu[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Jing Li[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35062289
- DOI: 10.3390/v14010085
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally and variants continue to emerge, with children are accounting for a growing share of COVID-19 cases. However, the establishment of immune memory and the long-term health consequences in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic children after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection are not fully understood. We collected clinical data and whole blood samples from discharged children for 6-8 months after symptom onset among 0-to-14-year-old children. Representative inflammation signs returned to normal in all age ranges. The infants and young children (0-4 years old) had lung lesions that persisted for 6-8 months and were less responsive for antigen-specific IgG secretion. In the 5-to-14-year-old group, lung imaging abnormalities gradually recovered, and the IgG-specific antibody response was strongest. In addition, we found a robust IgM[SUP]+[/SUP] memory B cell response in all age. Memory T cells specific for the spike or nucleocapsid protein were generated, with no significant difference in IFN-γ response among all ages. Our study highlights that although lung lesions caused by COVID-19 can last for at least 6-8 months in infants and young children, most children have detectable residual neutralizing antibodies and specific cellular immune responses at this stage.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; clinical; immune responses; mild COVID-19; recovered children.